Dynamic earth test

natural elements

gold

carbonates

calcite, dolomite

halides

halite

sulfides

cinnabar, galena, pyrite

sulphate

gypsum

oxides

hematie, magnetite

carbon dating

radiocarbon dating works on samples (typically organic) up to 60k years old. 5,730 half life

potassium-40 —> argon dating

dates minerals 50k- 4.6 billion years

quartz

SI02, and is a silicate

muscivite mica

Phyllosilicate: sheet silicate

Microcline Feldspar

• Potassium and Aluminum rich

phaneritic

characeristically in intrusive rocks, means to have visibl crystals

pegmatite

means has large crystals

aphanitic

no visible crystals

porphyritic

starts off cooling underground and then gets lifted, part mafic, part felsic

phenocryst

large grains

hydrolosis

chemical bonds weaken due to contact w/ water, causes new minerals to form (different from dissolution) often times forming clay

hydration

water becomes incorporated, water makes it swell

dissolution

no solid left behind, rainwater does this overtime to calcite and sandstone, Completely dissolves mineral into soluble ions.

deflation

when wind carries loose sediment grains into oceans and delivers nutrients like iron and phosphorus. This fertilizes oceans and causes photoplankton blooms, and builds soil on lands

mycorrhizal fungi

redistributes water according to plants needs, fungus gets organic carbon from the plants, while also breaking down dead things