PT407- Fall semester muscles OINA

serratus posterior superior

o- nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T3 vertebrae

i- superior borders of 2nd-4th ribs

n- 2nd-5th intercostal nerves

a- proprioception (elevate ribs)

serratus posterior inferior

o- spinous processes of T11-L2 vertebrae

i- inferior borders of 8-12th ribs near their angles

n- anterior rami to T9-T12 thoracic spinal nerves

a- proprioception (depress ribs)

levator costarum

o- transverse processes of C7-T11

i- subadjacent ribs between tubercle and angle

n- posterior primary rami of C8-T11 nerves

a- elevate ribs

external intercostal

o- inferior border of ribs

i- superior border of ribs below

n- intercostal nerve

a- elevate ribs during forced inspiration

internal intercostal

o- inferior border of ribs

i- superior border of ribs below

n- intercostal nerve

a- interosseous part- depresses ribs; interchondral part- elevates rib; active during forced respiration

innermost intercostal

o- inferior border of ribs

i- superior border of ribs below

n- intercostal nerve

a- interosseous part- depresses ribs; interchondral part- elevates ribs; active during forced inhalation

subcostal

o- internal surface of lower ribs near their angles

i- superior borders of 2nd or 3rd ribs below

n- intercostal nerve

a- probably act in the same manner as internal intercostal muscles

transverse thoracis

o-posterior surface of lower sternum

i- internal surface of costal cartilages 2-6

n- intercostal nerve

a- weakly depresses ribs; proprioception?

diaphragm

o- sternal part- posterior surface of xiphoid process; costal part- inferior costal cartilages and adjoining ribs (internal surfaces); lumbar part- medial and lateral arcuate ligament

i- central tendon

n- phrenic nerve (c3, c4, c5)

a- chief muscle of inspiration; assists in increasing intra-abdominal pressure

external oblique

o- external surfaces of 5-12 ribs

i- linea alba, pubic tubercle and anterior half of iliac crest n-

n - thoracoabdominal nerve (T7-T11) and subcostal nerve

a- compress and support abdominal viscera, flexes (same side) and rotates trunk (opposite side)

internal oblique

o- thoracolumbar fascia, anterior 2/3 of iliac crest, and connective tissue deep to lateral 1/3 of inguinal ligament

i- inferior borders of 10-12 ribs, linea alba, and pectin pubis via conjoint tendon

n- thoraco-abdominal nerve T6-T12 and 1st lumbar nerve

a- compress and supports abdominal viscera, flexes and rotates trunk (same side)

transversus abdominus

o- internal surfaces of 7-12 costal cartilages, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and connective tissue deep to lateral 1/3 of inguinal ligament

i- linea alba with aponeurosis of internal oblique, pubic crest and pectin pubis via a conjoint tendon

n- thoraco-abdominal nerve T6-T12 and 1st lumbar nerve

a- compresses and supports abdominal viscera

rectus abdominus

o- pubic symphysis and pubic crest

i- xiphoid process and 5-7 costal cartilages

n- thoraco-abdominal nerves T6-T12

a- flexes the trunk, compresses abdominal viscera, stabilizes and controls tilt of pelvis

quadratus lumborum

o- medial 1/2 of inferior border of 12 rib and tips of lumbar transverse processes

i- iliolumber ligament and internal lip of iliac crest

n- anterior branches of T12 and L1-l4 nerves

a- extends and lateral flexes the spine; fixes 12th rib during inspiration

obturator internus

o- pelvic surfaces of the ilium and ischium; obturator membrane

i- greater trochanter of the femur

n- nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1, S2)

a- rotates the thigh laterally, assists in holding head of femur in acetabulum

piriformis

o-pelvic surfaces of S2-S4 segments, superior margin of greater sciatic notch and sacrotuberous ligaments

i- greater trochanter of femur

n- anterior rami of S1 and S2

a- rotates thigh laterally, abducts thigh, assists in holding head of femur in acetabulum

coccygeus

o- ischial spine

i- inferior end of sacrum and coccyx

n- branches of S4 and S5 spinal nerves

a- forms small part of pelvic diaphragm that supports pelvic viscera; flexes coccyx

levator ani

o- body of pubis, tendinous arch of obturator fascia, ischial spine

i- perineal body, coccyx, anococcygeal ligament, walls of the prostate or vagina, rectum, and anal canal

n- nerve to levator ani (branches of S4), inferior anal (rectal) nerve and coccygeal plexus

a- forms most of the pelvic diaphragm that helps support viscera and resists increases in intra-abdominal pressure

splenius capitus

o- nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7-T6 vertebrae

i- superolaterally to mastoid process and lateral 1/3 of superior nuchal line

n- posterior rami of spinal nerves

a- unilaterally = laterally flexes the neck and rotates head to side of active muscles; bilaterally- extends head and neck

splenius cervicis

o-nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7-T6 vertebrae

i- tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C4

n- posterior rami of spinal nerves

a- unilaterally- laterally flexes the neck and rotates head to side of active muscles; bilaterally- extends head and neck

iliocostalis

o- by broad tendon from posterior part of iliac crest, posterior surface of sacrum, sacroiliac ligaments, sacral and inferior lumbar spinous processes, and supraspinous ligament

i- angles of lower ribs and cervical transverse processes

n- posterior rami of spinal nerves

a- bilaterally-extends vertebral column and head, eccentric control during flexion unilaterally- laterally flex vertebral column

longissimus

o- by broad tendon from posterior part of iliac crest, posterior surface of sacrum, sacroiliac ligaments, sacral and inferior lumbar spinous processes, and supraspinous ligament

i- ribs between tubercles and angles to transverse processes of thoracic and cervical region, mastoid process

n- posterior rami of spinal nerves

a- bilaterally-extends vertebral column and head, eccentric control during flexion unilaterally- laterally flex vertebral column

spinalis

o- by broad tendon from posterior part of iliac crest, posterior surface of sacrum, sacroiliac ligaments, sacral and inferior lumbar spinous processes, and supraspinous ligament

i- spinous processes in upper thoracis and cranium

n- posterior rami of spinal nerves

a- bilaterally-extends vertebral column and head, eccentric control during flexion unilaterally- laterally flex vertebral column

semispinalis

o- transverse processes of C4-T12

i- thoracic, cervicis, capitus- fibers run supero-medially to spinous processes in thoracic and cervical region, and occipital bone (span 4-6 segments)

n- posterior rami of spinal nerves

a- extends head and cervical region, rotates contralaterally

multifidus

o- posterior sacrum, PSIS, aponeurosis of erector spinae, SI ligaments, transverse processes of T1-T3, articular processes of C4-C7

i- supero-medially to entire length of spinous processes, located 2-4 segments superior to proximal attachments

n- posterior rami of spinal nerves

a- stabilize, assist with local extension and rotation, proprioception

Rotatores

o- transverse processes of vertebrae

i- fibers run supero-medially to lamina or spinous processes 1-2 segments above

n- posterior rami of spinal nerves

a- stabilize, assist with local extension and rotation, proprioception

rectus capitis posterior major

o- SP of C2

i- lateral part of inferior nuchal line of occipital bone

n- posterior rami of C1, suboccipital nerve

a- proprioception, extension, lateral flexion

rectus capitis posterior minor

o- posterior tubercle of posterior arch of C1

i- medial part of inferior nuchal line of occipital bone

n- posterior rami of C1, suboccipital nerve

a- proprioception, extension, lateral flexion

obliquus capitis inferior

o- posterior tubercle of posterior arch of C2

i- transverse process of C1

n- posterior rami of C1, suboccipital nerve

a- proprioception, extension, lateral flexion

obliquus capitis superior

o- transverse processes of C1

i- occipital bone between superior and inferior nuchal lines

n- posterior rami of C1, suboccipital nerve

a- proprioception, extension, lateral flexion