history

People in agricultural societies are primarily dependent on

Nature

Samuel F. B. Morse invented

Morse code

The integration of the railroad system was pioneered by

Investors

One of the earliest uses of oil was

Lubrication of machinery

Congress passed the Sherman Anti-Trust Act in 1890 because it was worried about

Growth of monopolies

Thomas Edison invented

Light-bulbs

Industrialization makes people _______ dependent on each other.

More

John D. Rockefeller took over the oil industry by gaining a monopoly over

Transportation

Alexander Graham Bell invented the

Telephone

Bell Telephone Company created a(n) __________ system of telephones.

Integrated

Industrialization created a new kind of society, characterized by new social and economic

Inequalities

Industrialization caused people to move to cities, creating

Overcrowding

Alexander Graham Bell became wealthy from the __________ industry.

Telephone

Thomas Edison became wealthy from the __________ industry.

Electricity

J.P. Morgan became wealthy from the __________ industry.

Finance

John Davison Rockefeller became wealthy from the __________ industry.

Oil

Leland Stanford became wealthy from the __________ industry.

Railroad

Technological systems in an industrial society are no more complex than those in an agricultural society.

False

At first, telegraph lines were used only by the government.

True

Time zones were invented by railroad companies.

True

Independent telephone companies worked their way into the market because the Bell Company had not considered personal telephone use.

True

Edison's company outsources most of the development of the infrastructure of the electrical system.

False

Edison's electrical system eventually powered thousands of new inventions.

True

Mechanization allowed farmers to increase yields, which resulted in

Lower prices

The process where craftsmen who had done highly skilled jobs were replaced by machines is called

Deskilling

Even unskilled factory jobs were filled because they were considered

A stepping stone to something else

The largest single group of workers in the United States during the Industrial Revolution did

Farm work

Most labor-saving devices invented during the industrial revolution reduced __________ work.

Women's

The type of farming that focused primarily on raising one crop for sale in the marketplace is called

Monocropping

The Grange was a

Farmers' organization

Workers who did jobs that required little training are called __________ workers.

Unskilled

Labor-saving devices __________ the amount of domestic work done by women.

Decreased

To maintain a middle-class lifestyle, families required

Domestic servants

Industrialization's impact on Americans was the same no matter who you were.

False

Wheat farming was completely changed by mechanization.

True

Farm tenancy increased thanks to mechanization.

True

Mechanization replaced old skilled jobs without creating new ones.

False

Injuries and illnesses were common in factory jobs.

True

Many workers preferred factory work to domestic service.

True

Domestic work was divided by gender in the 19th century.

True

In 19th century America, ______ typically did the cooking.

Women

In 19th century America, ______ typically gathered fuel.

Women

In 19th century America, ______ typically made shoes.

Men

In 19th century America, ______ typically butchered animals.

Men

In 19th century America, ______ typically tended vegetable gardens.

Women

In 19th century America, ______ typically spun yarn and sewed clothing.

Women

The first U.S. patent law was passed in

1790.

How many patents were awarded the first year (1790) that patent laws were enacted in the United States?

3

By 1920, most inventors worked for

corporations.

To have significant social and economic impact, inventions must be

diffused throughout society.

The Morrill Act provided federal land to encourage the building of

technical schools.

Polytechnic institutes were created to train

engineers.

Early professional organizations of engineering found a place because they

all of the above.

People who create things that have never been created before are called

inventors.

People who provide funds or skills to turn an invention into an innovation are called

entrepreneurs.

People who complete the projects that inventors create are called

innovators.

A temporary monopoly on making money from an invention is called a(n)

patent.

The first professional organization of engineers was the

Franklin Institute.

Inventors were the primary people responsible for the massive changes of industrialization in the 19th century.

True

All inventors also had to be entrepreneurs to sell their ideas.

False

Many early inventors were poor students in school.

True

The federal government played an important role in promoting workers' rights in the early 20th century.

False

The federal government played an important role in assisting the development of industry.

True

Early engineers were trained in technical schools.

false

As engineers became employees rather than employers, they increasingly struggled with ethical questions.

True

By 1920, the American economy was still struggling to industrialize.

False

The internal combustion engine was invented by

all the above

Mass production of cars was invented by

Henry Ford.

Mass marketing of automobiles was pioneered by

Alfred P. Sloan.

Automobile ownership became a necessity for most Americans because of the expansion of

widely spread cities.

The growing dependence on automobiles created __________ issues.

all of the above

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration began setting safety standards for new cars in

1968

The decline of the American automobile industry began with the

Oil Embargo of 1973.

__________ resulted in lower priced cars, which increased demand.

Rapid assembly

__________ began the practice of annual model changes for cars.

Alfred P. Sloan

Some of the first highways were built during the Great Depression, with money from the

Works Progress Administration.

The first federal law allocating money to building high speed roads was

Defense Highway Act

The word "smog" was invented by residents of

Los Angeles

__________ pioneered emissions control standards for cars.

California

The Oil Embargo of 1973 caused gasoline prices to

rise.

__________ automobile technology was the precursor for American automobiles.

European

American Henry Ford invented the internal combustion engine.

False

The development of assembly lines benefited skilled workers by making their jobs more secure.

False

In the early 20th century, people thought that cars would ease congestion and make roads safer.

True

Automobile sales increased significantly after World War II.

True

Larger, faster cars were less profitable for manufacturers but more popular.

True