Respiratory Physiology - ANSC 222

________ respiration occurs in the lungs (pulmonary gas exchange)

External

During inhalation, diapgrahm and external intercostal muscles ________

contract

The term describing heme-heme interaction which increases the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen:

Cooperativity

The majority of ______ _______ is dissolved in plasma, the rest is carried by red blood cells (RBC’s)

Carbon Dioxide

Movement of molecules from high pressure areas to low pressure areas:

Bulk Flow

The term describing hemoglobin bound to carbon dioxide:

Carbaminohemoglobin

____________ pressure is the negative pressure between the lung and chest wall pleura (creating a slight suction)

Intrapleural

Physiological zone of the lungs where NO gas exchange occurs:

Conducting

Large dome-shaped muscle below the lungs that involuntarily contracts:

Diaphragm

Structure of the conducting zone that has ~60,000 branches:

Bronchial Tree

The term describing hemoglobin NOT bound to oxygen:

Deoxyhemoglobin

Portions of the structures within the conducting zone contain rings of this to keep windpipes open under pressure:

Cartilage

Carbon Dioxide can _______ ~20 times more rapidly than oxygen, requiring smaller changes in partial pressure.

Diffuse

Automatic flow of molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration:

Diffusion

Another word for inhalation, when air flows into the lungs:

Inspiration

___________ muscles, positioned between the ribs, control breathing

Intercostal

Physiological zone of the lungs where gas exchange occurs:

Respiratory

Hollow structures within the lungs, surrounded by capillaries, where most gas exchange occurs:

Alveoli

An increase in body ___________, which occurs with increased metabolic activity, facilitates the release of oxygen from hemoglobin.

Temperature

Another word for exhalation, when air flows out of the lungs:

Expiration

________ intercostal muscles contract during exhalation.

Internal

The term describing hemoglobin that IS bound to oxygen:

Oxyhemoglobin

Because red blood cells (RBCs) contain millions of __________ molecules, they can transport ~1 billion O₂ molecules per cell

Hemoglobin

Describes how the diffusion of a gas is directly proportional to that gas alone:

Partial Pressure

During exhalation, diaphragm and external intercostal muscles _____

Relax

The majority of ______ is carried by red blood cells (RBC’s), the rest is dissolved in plasma

Oxygen

________ pressure is the pressure of the air inside the lung alveoli

Alveolar

The Bohr effect states that hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen is _________ related to the concentration of carbon dioxide and to blood acidity.

Inversely

Each hemoglobin molecule can bind up to ____ molecules of either O₂ or CO₂

Four

Dissolved gases diffuse ____ their partial pressure gradients (going from high to low)

Down

________ respiration occurs in the body tissues (systemic capillary gas exchange)

Internal