1920´s

Suffrage

The right to vote in political elections; women gained this right nationally with the 19th Amendment in 1920.

19th Amendment

The constitutional amendment ratified in 1920 that granted women the right to vote.

A flapper

A young woman in the 1920s who defied traditional expectations by wearing short skirts, bobbing her hair, listening to jazz, and embracing new freedoms.

New Woman

A term describing the modern, independent woman of the 1920s who pursued education, careers, and personal freedom.

Birth Control Movement

 A campaign led by activists like Margaret Sanger to provide women access to contraception and reproductive health information.

Margaret Sanger

Nurse and activist who founded the American Birth Control League (later Planned Parenthood) and advocated for women's reproductive rights.

Alice Paul

Suffragist and women's rights activist who authored the Equal Rights Amendment and fought for full gender equality beyond voting rights.

Double Standard

The application of different sets of principles for similar situations, especially regarding acceptable behavior for men versus women.

Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)

A proposed constitutional amendment introduced in 1923 to guarantee equal legal rights regardless of sex.

Harlem Renaissance

A cultural, artistic, and intellectual movement centered in Harlem, New York, during the 1920s that celebrated African American culture and identity.

New Negro

A term popularized by philosopher Alain Locke describing the self-confident, politically aware African American identity emerging in the 1920s.

The Jazz Age

A nickname for the 1920s, reflecting the popularity of jazz music and the cultural changes of the era.

Langston Hughes

Influential poet, novelist, and playwright whose work celebrated African American life and became a defining voice of the Harlem Renaissance.

Zora Neale Hurston

Anthropologist, folklorist, and author known for her novel Their Eyes Were Watching God and her documentation of African American culture.

Duke Ellington

Legendary jazz composer, pianist, and bandleader who performed at the Cotton Club and became one of the most important figures in American music.

Louis Armstrong

Revolutionary jazz trumpeter and singer whose innovative style transformed American music and made jazz internationally popular.

Bessie Smith

Powerful blues singer known as the "Empress of the Blues" who became one of the highest-paid African American performers of the 1920s.

Cotton Club

Famous Harlem nightclub that featured African American performers but initially only allowed white patrons, reflecting the era's racial contradictions.

Great Migration

The mass movement of African Americans from the rural South to Northern cities between 1916 and 1970, seeking economic opportunities and escaping racial violence.

Patron

A wealthy supporter who provides financial backing for artists, writers, and musicians.

Prosperity

A state of economic success, wealth, and growth; the 1920s were known as a period of prosperity for many Americans.

Consumer Society

A society focused on purchasing goods and services, driven by advertising and the availability of new products.

Installment Plan

A payment system allowing consumers to buy goods by making small payments over time rather than paying the full price upfront; also called "buying on credit."

Credit

The ability to borrow money or obtain goods with the promise to pay later.

Mass Production

The manufacturing of large quantities of standardized products, often using assembly lines, which lowered costs and increased availability.

Assembly Line

A manufacturing process where workers perform specific tasks as products move along a conveyor belt, pioneered by Henry Ford.

Stock Market

A system where shares of publicly held companies are bought and sold, allowing people to invest in businesses.

Speculation

The practice of buying stocks or other investments with the hope of selling them at a higher price, often involving significant risk.

Bull Market

A period when stock prices are rising and investor confidence is high

Buying on Margin

Purchasing stocks by paying only a fraction of the price and borrowing the rest from a broker, a risky practice that contributed to the 1929 crash.

Laissez-Faire

An economic philosophy promoting minimal government intervention in business and the economy; dominant policy during the 1920s.

Tariff

A tax on imported goods, used to protect domestic industries; high tariffs in the 1920s contributed to international economic tensions.

Fordney-McCumber Tariff

A 1922 law that raised taxes on imports to protect American businesses but hurt international trade.

Overproduction

When businesses produce more goods than consumers can buy, leading to falling prices and economic problems.

Unequal Distribution of Wealth

A situation where a small percentage of the population controls most of the nation's wealth while many others struggle economically.

Recession

A period of temporary economic decline with reduced trade and industrial activity.

John Scopes

Biology teacher who violated the law prohibiting teach of evolution

Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti

Italian immigrants, also anarchists

Fundamentalist

Believed bible should be taken literally

Ideology where the US went to after WW1

Isolationism

KKK

Increased members due to immigration and blacks wanting rights

Quota system

Established number of immigrants allowed into US from foreign countries

18th Ammendment

Prohibited all production, consumption, and transport of alcohol

What caused Red Scare of US

Fear of communist revolution in US

Eugnenics

Science of breeding smart people to have improved population of humans

What was one effect of prohibiton?

Rise in organized crime

Bootlegger

Smuggled illegal alcohol during prohibiton

Henry ford

Allowed cheaper automobiles for people and created the assembly line for production

Charles Lindbergh

Wanted to fly solo across atlantic ocean

Whas was Calvin Coolidge presidency established values around?

Big businesses and big business communities