A&P Flashcards/ Vocab Ch. 7

Acetabulum

deep socket on the lateral side of the hipbone just above the obturator foramen

Atlas

first cervical vertebra that supports the head by articulation with the condyles of the occipital bone

Alveolus

a socket for articulation with a tooth

Acromial process

bony prominence on the scapula

Axis

the second vertebra

Auditory ossicles

another name for the ear bones

Canaliculi

small canals in compact bone that connect lacunae with one another

Calcaneus

the heel

Cancellous or spongy bone

forms the inner spongy tissue underneath compact bone

Capitate

one of the bones of the wrist

Cartilage

a type of specialized connective tissue

Carpals

bones of the wrist

Cervical vertebrae

the seven smallest vertebrae found in the neck

Compact or dense bone

forms the outer layer of bone and is very dense

Clavicle

collar bone

Coccygeal vertebrae/coccyx

the vertebrae of the tailbone

Condyle

rounded prominence found at the point of articulation with another bone

Coronal suture

found where the frontal bone joins the two parietal bones

Crest

narrow ridge of bone

Coracoid process

bony projection on the scapula that functions as an attachment for muscles that move the arm

Costae

another name for ribs

Cuboid

a tarsal bone of the ankle

Cuneiforms

the tarsal bones of the forefoot

Diaphysis

shaft composed mainly of compact bone

Endosteum

a fibrovascular membrane that lines the medullary cavity of a long bone

Endochondral ossification

the formation of bone in a cartilaginous environment

Epiphyseal line

place where longitudinal growth of bone takes place

Epiphysis

the extremity of a long bone

Ethmoid bone

the principal supporting structure of the nasal cavities; forms part of the orbits

Femur

thigh bone

External occipital protuberance

a projection of the occipital bone for muscle attachment

External occipital crest

a projection of the occipital bone for muscle attachment

Fontanelle

soft spot on top of a baby’s head

Foramen

opening in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves, and/or ligaments pass

Fibula

lateral calf bone

Foramen magnum

inferior portion of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord connects with the brain

Frontal bone

a single bone that forms the forehead and part of the roof of the nasal cavity

Fracture

a break in a bone

Fossae

any depression or cavity in or on a bone

Gladiolus

part of the sternum bone resembling the blade of a sword

Glenoid fossa

a depression in the scapula for articulation with the head of the humerus

Haversian System

a feature of compact bone containing capillaries, also called central canals

Hamate

one of the bones of the wrist

Head

1. part of the pancreas closest to the duodenum; 2. terminal enlargement, like the head of the humerus

Hematopoiesis

blood cell formation

Hyoid bone

bone that supports the tongue

Humerus

largest and longest bone of the upper arm

Ilium

the uppermost and largest portion of a hip bone

Incus

ear bone referred to as the anvil

Kyphosis

condition commonly referred to as hunchback

Ischium

the strongest portion of a hip bone

Lacrimal bones

bones that make up part of the orbit at the inner angle of the eye; contain the tear sac

Intramembranous ossification

formation of bone by a process in which dense connective tissue membranes are replaced by deposits of inorganic calcium salts

Lambdoid suture

a line where the two parietal bones connect with the occipital bone

Lordosis

an abnormal accentuated lumbar curvature

Line

a less prominent ridge of bone than a crest

Lumbar vertebrae

the five vertebrae of the lower back

Lunate

a bone of the wrist

Malleus

ear bone referred to as the hammer

Manubrium

part of the sternum resembling the handle of a sword

Mandible bone

the strongest and longest bone of the face; forms the lower jaw

Maxillary bones

make up the upper jaw

Mastoid portion of temporal bone

located behind and below the auditory meatus or opening of the ear; part of the temporal bone

Meatus/canal

long tube-like passage

Medullary cavity

center of the shaft of long bone filled with yellow bone marrow

Metacarpal bones

bones of the palm of the hand

Nasal bones

thin, delicate bones that join to form the bridge of the nose

Metatarsals

bones of the sole of the foot; form the arch of the foot

Navicular/scaphoid

one of the bones of the wrist; also called the scaphoid bone

Metaphysis

flared portion at each end of a long bone composed of cancellous or spongy bone

Neck

the part of a bone that connects the head or terminal enlargement to the rest of a long bone

Occipital bone

a single bone that forms the back and base of the cranium

Olecranon process

a projection of the ulna known as the funny bone

Occipital condyle

a process for articulation with the first cervical vertebra

Obturator foramen

a large opening in the hip bone for passage of nerves, blood vessels, and ligaments

Orbital margin

a definite ridge above each orbit

Osteomalacia

softening of bone

Osteoblasts

cells involved in the formation of bony tissue

Osteoclasts

bone cells present in almost all cavities of bone responsible for reabsorbing bone during remodeling

Ossification

formation of bone by osteoblasts

Osteon

Haversian system

Osteoprogenitor cell

undifferentiated bone cell

Palatine bones

form the posterior part of the roof of the mouth or part of the hard palate

Pelvic girdle

formed by the two hipbones

Parietal bones

form the upper sides and roof of the cranium

Patella

kneecap

Periosteum

fibrovascular membrane that covers a bone

Petrous part of temporal bone

part of the temporal bone found deep within the base of the skull where it protects and surrounds the inner ear

Phalanges

the bones of the fingers and toes

Phalanx

a single bone of a finger or toe

Pisiform

a bone of the wrist

Processes

any obvious bone projection

Radius

shorter, lateral bone of the forearm

Pubis

a part of the hipbone found superior and slightly anterior to the ischium

Red bone marrow

found within cancellous bone; makes blood cells

Scapula

shoulder blade

Sagittal suture

line where the two parietal bones join superiorly

Scaphoid/navicular

one of the wrist bones; also called the navicular bone

Sacral vertebrae/sacrum

lower part of the vertebral column that forms the sacrum

Sesamoid bones

bones enclosed in a tendon and fascial tissue, located adjacent to joints