DNA and Gel Electrophoresis

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31 Terms

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Gel electrophoresis

A technique used to separate segments of DNA based on their size using an electric current

<p>A technique used to separate segments of DNA based on their size using an electric current</p>
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Wells

The spaces that are loaded with DNA samples

<p>The spaces that are loaded with DNA samples</p>
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Negative

The charge on DNA, and electrode at the end where the wells are

<p>The charge on DNA, and electrode at the end where the wells are</p>
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Positive

The electrode that the DNA migrates towards

<p>The electrode that the DNA migrates towards</p>
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Longer DNA fragments

Move slower through the gel and end up closer to the wells than shorter DNA fragments

<p>Move slower through the gel and end up closer to the wells than shorter DNA fragments</p>
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Shorter DNA fragments

Move slower through the gel and end up further from the wells than longer DNA fragments

<p>Move slower through the gel and end up further from the wells than longer DNA fragments</p>
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Bands

DNA fragments of the same length on the gel produce visible bands.

<p>DNA fragments of the same length on the gel produce visible bands.</p>
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DNA fingerprint

Unique sequence of DNA base pairs that can be used to identify a person at the molecular level

<p>Unique sequence of DNA base pairs that can be used to identify a person at the molecular level</p>
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DNA

contains the instructions for, and controls, the production of proteins

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helicase

an enzyme that "unzips" DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds that hold the two strands together

<p>an enzyme that "unzips" DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds that hold the two strands together</p>
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guanine

a purine nitrogen base in DNA that pairs with cytosine

<p>a purine nitrogen base in DNA that pairs with cytosine</p>
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Base Pairing

Chargaff's rules which state that A = T and C = G

<p>Chargaff's rules which state that A = T and C = G</p>
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cytosine

a pyrimidine nitrogen base in DNA that pairs with guanine

<p>a pyrimidine nitrogen base in DNA that pairs with guanine</p>
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pyrimidines

nitrogen bases in DNA that have one ring

<p>nitrogen bases in DNA that have one ring</p>
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thymine

a pyrimidine nitrogen base in DNA that pairs with adenine

<p>a pyrimidine nitrogen base in DNA that pairs with adenine</p>
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template

a single DNA strand that serves as a guide for making the matching DNA strand

<p>a single DNA strand that serves as a guide for making the matching DNA strand</p>
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deoxyribose

the pentose sugar that helps make up the sides ("rungs")of DNA

<p>the pentose sugar that helps make up the sides ("rungs")of DNA</p>
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Chromosome

bundles of tightly packed and condensed DNA, makes it easier for DNA to move when a cell gets ready to divide

<p>bundles of tightly packed and condensed DNA, makes it easier for DNA to move when a cell gets ready to divide</p>
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Replication

the process of copying DNA

<p>the process of copying DNA</p>
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Nucleotide

the monomer (subunit) of DNA that consists of a phosphate, sugar, and a nitrogen base

<p>the monomer (subunit) of DNA that consists of a phosphate, sugar, and a nitrogen base</p>
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Double Helix

the shape of DNA, like a twisted ladder or spiral staircase

<p>the shape of DNA, like a twisted ladder or spiral staircase</p>
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purines

nitrogen bases in DNA that have two rings

<p>nitrogen bases in DNA that have two rings</p>
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adenine

a purine nitrogen base in DNA that pairs with thymine

<p>a purine nitrogen base in DNA that pairs with thymine</p>
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replication fork

sites in the DNA where the two strands seperate and replication occurs

<p>sites in the DNA where the two strands seperate and replication occurs</p>
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DNA polymerase

an enzyme that joins individual nucleotides to replicate a DNA molecule.

<p>an enzyme that joins individual nucleotides to replicate a DNA molecule.</p>
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Antiparallel

When the DNA strands are parallel to each other but run in opposite directions.

<p>When the DNA strands are parallel to each other but run in opposite directions.</p>
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Ligase

Acts as the "glue" that binds okazaki fragments together on the lagging strand.

<p>Acts as the "glue" that binds okazaki fragments together on the lagging strand.</p>
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semiconservative replication

each new DNA molecule consists of one new strand and one old strand

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Agarose

A polysaccharide obtained from seaweed that is used as the supporting medium in gel electrophoresis.

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restriction site

A specific sequence on a DNA strand that is recognized as a cut site by a restriction enzyme.

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dNTPs

free nucleotides needed for extension.