[ESP3] Unit 7: Information System Management

Hardware (Phần cứng)

"Items used for direct human interaction or to collect and process information. Some key examples are computers, tablets, smartphones, keyboards, hard drives, and microprocessors."

Software (Phần mềm)

"A list of commands and functions that guide hardware through various processes for the input, output, storage, and processing of information."

Process (Quy trình)

"A way of doing something that is planned or part of a system."

System (Hệ thống)

"An interconnected set of elements that is organized coherently in a way that achieves something."

Category (Loại / Danh mục)

"A type, or a group of things having some features that are the same."

Database (Cơ sở dữ liệu)

"A collection of relevant data that people can access and use for specific tasks; gathers information, organizes it accordingly, then allows for deeper analysis that can lead to useful insights."

Human resources (Nguồn nhân lực / Con người)

"Experienced tech, finance, and marketing professionals who know how to collect, analyze, and utilize relevant data to make data-driven decisions that are beneficial for their businesses."

Information system management (Quản trị hệ thống thông tin)

"Deals with improving the performance of organizations and people through the use of information technology, combining technologies, discipline, processes, personnel and organizational mechanisms."

Information system (Hệ thống thông tin)

"An organized electronic database of information, programmed in such a way that provides regular reports on operations for every level of management in an organization."

Network (Mạng truyền thông)

"An intricate, interconnected system that exchanges electronic communications, files, and other resources between physical devices."

Management Information Systems (MISs) (Hệ thống thông tin quản lý)

"Gives comprehensive, necessary insight into specific circumstances. It collects data to produce detailed reports for middle management to review... to problem-solve and make impactful business decisions."

Decision Support Systems (DSSs) (Hệ thống hỗ trợ ra quyết định)

"Helps managers make data-driven decisions. As an interactive information system, it collects and preserves large amounts of information that may be needed to support the reasoning behind certain business choices."

Knowledge Management Systems (KMSs) (Hệ thống quản lý tri thức)

"Saves, retrieves, and presents information that can help employees gain a stronger understanding of a certain topic, such as employee handbooks, how-to articles, company policies, and other educational materials."

Transaction Processing Systems (TPSs) (Hệ thống xử lý giao dịch)

"Stores, processes, and distributes transactional data so that designated employees can easily access information when needed, such as bank deposits, payroll, sales, and other expenses."

Office Automation Systems (OASs) (Hệ thống tự động hóa văn phòng)

"Is primarily focused on communication technology, computers, and people. It moves data without the need for human participation, which helps to ensure that there are no possible errors."

Executive Support Systems (ESSs) (Hệ thống hỗ trợ điều hành)

"Generally provides better computing capabilities. It is also commonly used by higher-level executives when they need to lead company activities."

Strategic information (Thông tin chiến lược)

"Relates to long range planning policies that are of direct interest to upper management, such as population growth, trends in financial investment and human resources changes."

Managerial information (Thông tin quản lý)

"Information used by middle management to implement and control medium-term plans, evaluate performance, and allocate departmental resources."

Operational information (Thông tin vận hành / tác nghiệp)

"Routine, highly detailed information used by lower-level management to monitor daily operations such as attendance, inventory levels, and customer orders."

Structured decision-making (Ra quyết định có cấu trúc)

"An organizational process that is closed, stable and mechanistic tends to be more structured, computational and relies on routine decision-making for planning and control."

Unstructured decision-making (Ra quyết định phi cấu trúc)

"Open, adaptive, dynamic processes increase the uncertainty associated with decision making and are generally evidenced by a lack of structure in the decision making process."

Open system (Hệ thống mở)

"An open system has many interfaces with its environment. It permits interaction across its boundary; it receives inputs from and delivers outputs to the outside."

Closed system (Hệ thống đóng)

"In contrast, a closed system is isolated from environmental influences."