Heart anatomy

Costal cartilage

Segments of hyaline cartilage that connect the medial ends of ribs 1-7 to the sternum

Costal margin

Inferior edge of the rib cage

Intercostal space

The space between two adjacent ribs wherein nerves, arteries, and veins run

Nerves, arteries, veins

What structures are in the neurovascular bundle? (3)

Mid-axillary line

Imaginary line from the middle of the armpit that divides the body into the anterior and posterior halves

Manubrium, body, xiphoid process

Three parts of the sternum:

Manubrium

Most superior part of the sternum; contains the sternal notch on the superior end and attaches to the body of the sternum at the sternal angle (green part)

Sternal angle

Place where the manubrium and body of the sternum meet; around the costal cartilage of the 2nd ribs

Body

Middle section of the sternum (blue part)

Xiphoid process

Inferior end of the sternum, made of cartilage (purple part)

Thoracoabdominal diaphragm

What is deep to the costal margin?

Costal groove

Space on the inferior surface of each rib wherein the intercostal nerve, artery, and vein run

Clavicle

Collarbone; attaches the upper limb to the rib cage

2nd

Which rib articulates at the sternal angle?

Internal thoracic, internal mammary arteries

Two names for the arteries that travel vertically on either side of the deep surface of the sternum, supplying blood to the sternum and intercostal spaces

Subclavian arteries

Where do the internal mammary arteries originate from?

round, rigid

In differentiating between arteries and veins, arteries are more: (2)

flat, floppy

In differentiating between arteries and veins, veins are more: (2)

Left internal thoracic artery

Structure that might be missing in patients that have received coronary artery bypass grafting:

Costal groove

Where do the neurovascular bundle run?

vein, nerve

Which structure is the most superior (1) and inferior (2) in each neurovascular bundle?

Internal thoracic vein, internal mammary vein

Two names for the large vein that runs alongside the internal mammary artery and drains deoxygenated blood from the thoracic region

Anterior intercostal artery

Arteries that supply the muscles and skin within the intercostal spaces; part of the neurovascular bundle

Phrenic nerves

Pair of nerves that descend the thoracic region, runs between the pericardial and pleural sacs to control the movement of the diaphragm

Yellow in diagram

Somatomotor, somatosensory, sympathetic

Phrenic nerves have these types of axons: (3)

Right ventricle

Most anterior chamber of the heart; makes up most of the inferior edge of the heart and is just deep to the sternum

Left atrium

Chamber of the heart that is most posterior

Coronary sulcus

Green line; most prominent on posterior side of the heart

Pulmonary veins, left atrium, coronary sinus

Landmarks on the posterior side of the heart: (3)

Coronary sinus

From the posterior view of the heart, what is the structure with the arrow pointing at it?

Anterior

The pulmonary trunk is _________ and to the right of the aorta (from our view)

right, left brachiocephalic veins

Veins that empty into the superior vena cava (blue structures)

Brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery

Name the branches of the aortic arch from right to left (patient perspective)

Pulmonary trunk

Great vessel that exits from the right ventricle; divides into the right and left pulmonary arteries

Ligamentum arteriosum

Fibrous cord that connects the pulmonary trunk/left pulmonary artery to the aortic arch

Remnant of ductus arteriosis, a crucial part of fetal circulation that closes at birth and becomes fibrous

Pulmonary trunk, aortic arch

The ligamentum arteriosum connects these structures: (2)

Brachiocephalic trunk

From the patient’s perspective, the right-most branch of the aortic arch (our left-most)

Left common carotid artery

Middle branch of the aortic arch

Left subclavian artery

From the patient’s perspective, the left-most branch off of the aortic arch (our right-most)

Right coronary artery

Marginal artery

Posterior interventricular, posterior descending artery

Two names for the artery that usually branches off of the right coronary artery in the posterior side of the heart

Determines right/left/co-dominant

Left dominant

Codominant

Right dominant

Circumflex artery

Number 4

Left anterior descending, anterior interventricular artery

Number 6; two names

Great cardiac vein

Vein that runs with the left coronary arteries

Posterior interventricular artery

The middle cardiac vein runs with this artery:

Left coronary arteries

The great cardiac vein runs with:

Marginal artery

The small cardiac vein runs with this artery:

Coronary sinus

The three cardiac veins empty into:

Superfiscial

The coronary veins are _________ to the coronary arteries

Pectinate muscles

Rough muscle that is characteristic of the right atrium; merges with smooth muscle at the crista terminalis

Right ventricle

The septomarginal band is characteristic of the:

Right atrium

The fossa ovalis is characteristic of the:

Coronary sulcus

Divides the atria and ventricles on the exterior of the heart

Ascending aorta

First part of the aorta that comes immediately out of the left ventrical PRIOR to the aortic arch

AV

The papillary muscles and chordae tendineae in the ventricles moderate the opening and closing of these valves: