types of dna damage

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what causes pyrimidine dimers (intra-strand crosslinks)

UV light

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What causes hydrolytic cleavage

-depurination (loss of purine base)

-deamination

Water

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What causes alklylation?

Enzymes add alkyls

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Additional of -OH or -O to bases

Reactive oxygen species

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Inter-strand crosslinks

Mustard gas

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Double-strand breaks

X-rays, gamma rays

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DNA insertions

Viruses and transposons