Muscles of the Chest, Shoulder, & Upper Limb

pectoralis minor (origin)

sternal ends of ribs 3-5

pectoralis minor (insertion)

coracoid process of scapula

pectoralis minor (action)

pulls scapula forward and downward; raises ribs

pectoralis minor (innervation)

medial and lateral pectoral nerves

serratus anterior (origin)

lateral surfaces of most ribs

serratus anterior (insertion)

medial border of scapula

serratus anterior (action)

pulls scapula anteriorly (protracts scapula)

serratus anterior (innervation)

long thoracic nerve

trapezius (origin)

occipital bone and spinous processes of C7 and upper thoracic vertebrae

trapezius (insertion)

clavicle, spine, and acromion of scapula

trapezius (action)

rotates scapula; various fibers raise scapula, pull scapula medially, or pull scapula and shoulder downward

trapezius (innervation)

accessory nerve

rhomboid major (origin)

spinous processes of T2-T5

rhomboid major (insertion)

medial border of scapula

rhomboid major (action)

retracts and elevates scapula

rhomboid major (innervation)

posterior scapular nerve

rhomboid minor (origin)

spinous processes of C7 and T1

rhomboid minor (insertion)

medial border of scapula

rhomboid minor (action)

retracts and elevates scapula

rhomboid minor (innervation)

posterior scapular nerve

pectoralis major (origin)

clavicle, sternum, and costal cartilages of ribs 1-7

pectoralis major (insertion)

intertubercular sulcus of humerus

pectoralis major (action)

flexes, adducts, and rotates arm medially

pectoralis major (innervation)

medial and lateral pectoral nerves

latissimus dorsi (origin)

spinous processes of lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae, iliac crest, and lower ribs

latissimus dorsi (insertion)

intertubercular sulcus of humerus

latissimus dorsi (action)

extends, adducts, and rotates arm medially

latissimus dorsi (innervation)

thoracodorsal nerve

deltoid (origin)

clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula

deltoid (insertion)

deltoid tuberosity of humerus

deltoid (action)

abducts, extends, and flexes arm

deltoid (innervation)

axillary nerve

teres major (origin)

lateral border of scapula

teres major (insertion)

intertubercular sulcus of humerus

teres major (action)

extends, adducts, and rotates arm medially

teres major (innervation)

lower subscapular nerve

supraspinatus (origin)

supraspinous fossa of scapula

supraspinatus (insertion)

greater tubercle of humerus

supraspinatus (action)

abducts arm

supraspinatus (innervation)

suprascapular nerve

infraspinatus (origin)

infraspinous fossa of scapula

infraspinatus (insertion)

greater tubercle of humerus

infraspinatus (action)

rotates arm laterally

infraspinatus (innervation)

suprascapular nerve

teres minor (origin)

lateral border of scapula

teres minor (insertion)

greater tubercle of humerus

teres minor (action)

rotates arm laterally

teres minor (innervation)

axillary nerve

subscapularis (origin)

subscapular fossa of scapula

subscapularis (insertion)

lesser tubercle of humerus

subscapularis (action)

rotates arm medially

subscapularis (innervation)

upper and lower subscapular nerves

biceps brachii (origin)

coracoid process of scapula (short head) and tubercle above glenoid cavity (long head)

biceps brachii (insertion)

radial tuberosity

biceps brachii (action)

flexes elbow and supinates forearm and hand

biceps brachii (innervation)

musculocutaneous nerve

brachialis (origin)

distal anterior shaft of humerus

brachialis (insertion)

coronoid process of ulna

brachialis (action)

flexes elbow

brachialis (innervation)

musculocutaneous nerve; radial nerve

triceps brachii (origin)

tubercle below glenoid cavity, lateral and medial surfaces of humerus

triceps brachii (insertion)

olecranon process of ulna

triceps brachii (action)

extends elbow

triceps brachii (innervation)

radial nerve

brachioradialis (origin)

distal lateral end of humerus

brachioradialis (insertion)

lateral surface of radius near styloid process

brachioradialis (action)

flexes elbow

brachioradialis (innervation)

radial nerve

supinator (origin)

lateral epicondyle of humerus and ulna distal to radial notch

supinator (insertion)

lateral surface of proximal radius

supinator (action)

supinates forearm and hand

supinator (innervation)

radial nerve

pronator teres (origin)

medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna

pronator teres (insertion)

lateral surface of radius

pronator teres (action)

pronates forearm and hand

pronator teres (innervation)

median nerve

coracobrachials (origin)

coracoid process of scapula

coracobrachialis (insertion)

shaft of humerus

coracobrachialis (action)

flexes and adducts arm

coracobrachialis (innervation)

musculocutaneous nerve

palmaris longus (origin)

medial epicondyle of humerus

palmaris longus (insertion)

palmar aponeurosis

palmaris longus (action)

flexes wrist

palmaris longus (innervation)

median nerve

flexor carpi radialis (origin)

medial epicondyle of humerus

flexor carpi radialis (insertion)

base of metacarpals II-III

flexor carpi radialis (action)

flexes wrist and abducts hand

flexor carpi radialis (innervation)

median nerve

flexor carpi ulnaris (origin)

medial epicondyle of humerus and olecranon process of ulna

flexor carpi ulnaris (insertion)

pisiform, hamate, and metacarpal V

flexor carpi ulnaris (action)

flexes wrist and adducts hand

flexor carpi ulnaris (innervation)

ulnar nerve

flexor digitorum superficialis (origin)

medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna, and radius

flexor digitorum superficialis (insertion)

middle phalanges of fingers 2-5

flexor digitorum superficialis (action)

flexes fingers and wrist

flexor digitorum superficialis (innervation)

median nerve

flexor digitorum profundus (origin)

anterior ulna and interosseous membrane

flexor digitorum profundus (insertion)

distal phalanges of fingers 2-5

flexor digitorum profundus (action)

flexes fingers 2-5

flexor digitorum profundus (innervation)

median nerve; ulnar nerve