Oxygenation Lecture Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering the physiological control of breathing, pulmonary structures, respiratory functions, assessment techniques, and oxygen delivery devices based on nursing lecture notes.

Respiratory centers

Located in the medulla and pons, these areas of the brain control breathing.

Peripheral chemoreceptors

Sensors that monitor levels of $O_2$, $CO_2$, and $H^+$ to help control breathing.

Alveoli

Structures surrounded by a capillary network where $O_2$ and $CO_2$ are exchanged.

Ventilation

The movement of air into and out of the lungs through inhalation and expiration.

Lung compliance

The ability of the lungs to expand easily.

Lung elasticity

The ability of the lungs to return to their original size after expansion.

Airway resistance

A factor determined by the diameter of the airway that affects the ease of ventilation.

Internal respiration

The gas exchange occurring between tissue cells and systemic capillaries.

External respiration

The gas exchange occurring between the alveoli and pulmonary capillaries.

Factors affecting pulmonary function (Medications)

Includes opioids, non-selective beta-blockers, beta-2 adrenergic agonists, and steroids.

Orthopnea

A condition characterized by dyspnea (shortness of breath) when lying down.

Tripod position

A sitting position where an individual leans forward with arms propped on an over-bed table or knees to reduce the work of breathing and allow greater chest expansion.

Peak flow monitoring

A diagnostic test, often used for asthma, requiring the patient to blow out hard and fast in a single blow.

TCDB

An intervention for mobilizing secretions that stands for Turn, Cough, and Deep Breathe.

Oxygen therapy

The provision of oxygen at concentrations greater than $21\%$, which is the concentration in room air.

Prone position

Lying on the stomach; advised for home care patients with $SpO_2$ levels below $94\%$ to improve breathing and oxygen saturation.

Nasal Cannula

An oxygen delivery device with a flow rate of $1 - 6\,L/min$ and an $FiO_2$ range of $24\% - 44\%$.

Simple Face Mask

An oxygen delivery device with a flow rate of $5 - 10\,L/min$ and an $FiO_2$ range of $35\% - 50\%$, used for short-term emergencies.

Non-Rebreather Mask

An oxygen delivery device with a flow rate of $10 - 15\,L/min$ and an $FiO_2$ range of $60\% - 90\%$ for acute respiratory distress.

Venturi Mask

An oxygen delivery device with a flow rate of $2 - 15\,L/min$ and an $FiO_2$ range of $24\% - 60\%$, used when precise $FiO_2$ is required.

High-Flow Nasal Cannula

An oxygen delivery device with a flow rate up to $60\,L/min$ and an $FiO_2$ range of $21\% - 100\%$, providing heated and humidified air.