Study Guide w/ Answers

A questioned document is any object containing __________ material whose source or authenticity is in doubt.

handwritten or printed

Question document examiners compare handwriting, __________, or printing samples during their analysis.

typewriting

Handwriting can be disguised by inconsistent slant and __________ formations.

letter

A request exemplar is collected under __________ conditions, usually at a police station.

controlled

Erasures can be caused by abrasives or __________.

chemicals

The ESDA (Electrostatic Detection Apparatus) highlights __________ writing on documents.

indented

The Video Spectral Comparator (VSC) uses __________ through infrared radiation to detect alterations.

ultraviolet

A stylistic signature is a personal way of writing a __________.

signature

Friction ridges form during __________ development, starting in the 9th or 10th week.

fetal

Fingerprints come from the friction __________ on the hands and feet.

ridges

Fingerprint powders are used for __________, non-porous surfaces.

smooth

Latent prints are invisible and require __________.

processing

Fingerprints are identified through the comparison of __________ points.

minutiae

The Henry Classification System is used to organize __________ patterns.

fingerprint

Rifling refers to the spiral grooves cut into the barrel of a firearm that impart __________ to a bullet.

spin

Handguns are designed for __________ use, while shotguns are shoulder-fired.

one-handed

The first step in examining firearms is ensuring __________.

safety

Toolmarks can be individualized based on microscopic __________ or impressions left by a tool.

striations

Lands are the raised portions inside a firearm barrel, while __________ are the indented portions.

grooves

When the trigger is pulled, the __________ ignites the gunpowder.

primer

A comparison __________ is used to examine and compare bullets and cartridge cases side by side.

microscope

Gunshot residue contains elements such as lead, __________, and antimony.

barium

There is no set number of characteristics required for impression evidence individualization, but a __________ number of unique traits must be present.

sufficient

Impression evidence can be __________ or 3D, such as footwear impressions and tire tracks.

2D

2D impressions are left on hard surfaces, while __________ impressions are left in soft materials.

3D

3D impressions are collected by __________ them.

casting

Impression evidence is individualized based on unique characteristics, wear patterns, and __________ details.

microscopic

Serial numbers are restored by polishing the metal surface and applying a __________ solution.

chemical