Fermentation and anaerobic respiration

what happens to oxidative phosphorylation without oxygen

the etc stops, halting oxidative phosphorylation

what are the 2 alternatives cells can use without oxygen

anaerobic respiration and fermentation

how do anaerobic respiration and fermentation differ

anaerobic respiration uses an ETC; fermentation does now

what are the 2 main types of fermentation

lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation

what is the main purpose of fermentation

to regenerate NAD+ so glycolysis can continue

what does lactic acid fermentation produce

lactate and regenerated NAD+

what does alcoholic fermentation produce

ethanol, co2, and regenerated NAD+

what is the final acceptor in anaerobic respiration

a substance other than oxygen, such as nitrate

how much net atp does fermentation yield per glucose

2 atp, produced by glycolysis

what does NADH do during ferentation?

donates electrons to help regenerate NAD+

what can replace oxygen as the final acceptor

substances such as sulfate or nitrate

does anaerobic respiration use an etc

yes, but it uses a final electron acceptor other than o2

which organisms commonly use anaerobic respiration

some bacteria and archaea

what does glycolysis need to continue

NAD+

why is fermentation important when etc cannot operate

it regenerates NAD+ so glycolysis can continue

what does lactic acid fermentation produce.?

.lactate and regenerated NAD+

what does alcoholic fermentation produce.?

.ethanol, co2, and regenerated NAD+

which organism commonly performs alcoholic fermentation

yeast

what foods are made using lactic acid fermentation

foods such as yogurt and cheese

why do muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation

to regenerate NAD+ so glycolysis can keep making atp

which process directly produces ATP during fermentation

glycolysis, producing a net of 2 atp per glucose

where does lactic acid fermentation occur

in the cytosol

what does pyruvate become during lactic acid fermentation

lacate

what happens to NADH during lactic acid fermentation

it gives away electrons and becomes NAD+

what does alcohol fermentation produce

ethanol, co2, regenerated NAD+

what organism commonly performs alcohol fermentation

yeast

why does yeast make bread dough rise

co2 produced during fermentation forms bubbles in dough

where does alcohol fermentation take place

cytosol

what is step one in alcohol fermentation

pyruvate becomes acetaldehyde and releases co2

what is step 2 in alcohol fermentation

acetaldehyde receives electrons from NADH and becomes ethanol, regenerating NAD+

what happens to NADH during the second step of alcohol fermentation

NADH gives away electrons and becomes NAD+

what is an obligate anaerobe

an organism that cannot survive in the presence of oxygen

what is an obligate aerobe

an organism that must have oxygen to survive

what is facultative anaerobe

an organism that can survive with or without oxygen

what type of respiration do obligate aerobes use

aerobic respiration

what can facultative anaerobes do when oxygen is unavailable

use fermentation or anaerobic respiration, depending on the organism