Anatomy Ch. 1

cell

smallest unit of life

tissue

a group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function

organ

group of tissues working together to perform a specific function

digestive system

Includes the pharynx, esophagus, stomach and intestines. Involves food breakdown/nutrient processing.

cardiovascular system

Includes the heart, blood, and blood vessels. Delivers gas and nutrients throughout the body.

respiratory system

Gas exchange throughout the body. Includes the trachea and lungs.

immune system

Includes lymph nodes, white blood cells, and bone marrow. Involved in body defense, fights infections.

urinary system

Rids the body of nitrogenous waste. Includes the kidneys and bladder.

endocrine system

Includes glands that produce hormones. Involved with regulation of the body.

reproductive system

Includes the ovaries and testes. Involved with producing offspring.

nervous system

Responds to stimuli through neurons. Includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.

integumentary system

Provides protection from external microbes, includes skin.

skeletal system

Involved with body support & protection. Includes tendons, ligaments, cartilage and bones

muscular system

Involved with locomotion and other movements. Examples include biceps & triceps.

orbital

eye

buccal

cheek

inguinal

where the trunk meets the thigh

femoral

thigh

tarsal

ankle

patellar

anterior knee

carpal

wrist

umbilical

belly button area

antecubital

anterior elbow

brachial

arm

thoracic

chest

cephalic

head

deltoid

shoulder

scapular

upper back

lumbar

lower back

popliteal

posterior knee

sural

calf

sagittal section

divides the body (or organ) into left and right parts

frontal/coronal section

divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

transverse section

divides the body into superior and inferior parts

homeostasis

maintains a stable internal environment within narrow limits

positive feedback

enhances or exaggerates a stimulus

negative feedback

opposes or counteracts a stimulus

dorsal

towards the back (also known as posterior)

ventral

towards the front (also known as anterior)

physiology

how body parts work or function

anatomy

the shape, structure and location of body parts