H441 Health Law Chapters 1 & 2 Vocabulary Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering key historical figures, legal cases, legal systems, standards of proof, and primary sources of law from H441 Health Law Chapters 1 and 2.

Hospitia

Facilities created by early religious orders to provide shelter to pilgrims making religious journeys, which later began providing health services.

Florence Nightingale

A health pioneer who took a holistic approach to medicine, viewed nursing as a calling, introduced call light systems and dumb waiters, reduced mortality in the Crimean War, was the first woman to join the English Statistical Society, and was the first person to examine patient discharge cycles.

Ignaz Semmelweis

A physician who studied childbed fever (puerperal fever) before germ theory and dramatically reduced deaths by requiring students to wash hands between cadaver dissections and delivering babies.

Abraham Flexner

Author of a 1910 report reviewing U.S. medical education that exposed poor quality schools, suggested rigorous standards, and proposed Johns Hopkins in Baltimore as the ideal model.

Hurley v. Eddingfield

A 1901 Indiana court case (59 N.E. 1058) examining whether healthcare access involves a constitutional or contractual right or differs from common carrier obligations.

IRAC

A legal analysis framework consisting of Issue (question to answer), Rule (rule to apply), Analysis (implications of options), and Conclusion (court decision).

Civil Law (Legal System)

A legal system based on written collections of laws called codes, which was used in most of the world up until 1066 B.C.E. and remains in wide use globally.

Norman Conquest

The 1066 event (Battle of Hastings) in which England won and subsequently spread its ideas, including the common law system.

Common Law

A legal system originating in England that relies on written court opinions and precedent cases rather than codified statutes.

Stare Decisis

Latin term meaning "stand by things decided," referring to the legal principle where courts rely on past precedent cases to create a consistent legal foundation.

U.S. Constitution

The #1 most important primary source of law created in 1787 that serves as the foundation of the U.S. legal system while leaving terms like "due process" undefined.

Originalism

A method of constitutional interpretation based on the original intentions and meaning of the Framers, closely associated with strict constructionism.

Non-originalism

A method of constitutional interpretation using a modern understanding and the context of the world as it exists today.

Public Law

The branch of law regulating relationships between people and the government.

Private Law

The branch of law regulating relationships between private individuals.

Beyond a Reasonable Doubt

The standard of proof required in criminal law cases, which typically involve outcomes of prison or punishment.

Preponderance of the Evidence

The standard of proof required in civil cases, meaning "more likely than not," which typically results in fines or monetary damages.

Res Judicata

Latin term meaning "thing is decided," establishing that once the final appeal in a case is completed, the case generally cannot be heard again.

Ordinances

Local laws, ranked ninth and lowest in priority among the primary sources of law.

Translational Medicine

A 21st-century development in healthcare focused on a holistic approach to patient care and medical applications.

Abraham Flexner
Flexner created a 1910 report after reviewing U.S. medical education and recommended more rigorous and
consistent educational standards.
Flexner Report
The Flexner Report found many medical schools were very poor in quality, some were not bad, and a few were
very good; it proposed Johns Hopkins as an ideal model.
Hurley v. Eddingfield
Hurley v. Eddingfield was an Indiana case from 1901 and is the first case presented in the professor's notes.
IRAC
IRAC stands for Issue, Rule, Analysis, and Conclusion.
Issue
The Issue is the question the court is trying to answer.
Rule
The Rule is the rule the court will apply in the situation.
Analysis
The Analysis considers the implications of deciding one way versus another.
Conclusion
The Conclusion is the court's decision.