Chapter 10

Describe the function of the agonist, antagonist, synergist, and fixators

Agonist: Major responsibility for producing specific movement

Antagonist: Opposes or reverses movement

Synergist: Help prime movers, stabilize joint

Fixators: Type of synergist that immobilizes bone

Describe how sketetal muscles are named

muscular location

muscle shape

muscle size

direction of muscle fibers/fascicles

number of orgins

location of attachment

muscle action

Describe circular, convergent, parallel and fusiform fascicle arrangements of muscles

circular- fascicles arranged in concentric rings

convergent- broad orgin

parallel- fascicles run parallel along long axis

fusiform- spindle shaped with thick middle belly

Describe pennate, unipennate, bipennate, and mulipennate fascicle arrangements

Pennate: Short fascicles attatch obliquely to central tendon running length of muscles

• Unipennate: Fascicles attatch only to one side of tendon

• Bipennate: Fascicles insert from opposite sides of tendon

• Multipennate: Appears as feathers inserting into one tendon

Describe a lever system, including the three components and the advantages and disadvantages of them

Lever: bone that moves on a fixed point, joint

Effort: Force (supplied by muscle contraction) applied to lever to move resistance (load)

Load: resistance moved by the effort

Describe the three different classes of levers

First class: Fulcrum is between load and effort, seasaw

Second class: Load between fulcrum and lever, tip toes

Third class: effort applied between fulcrum and load, skeletal muscles

List the location, orgin, insert, action, and innervation of the occititofrantalis muscle

Location- forehead

Origin- epicranial aponecrosis

Insertion- skin of eyebrows

Actions- raises eyebrows

Innervation- facial nerve

List the location, orgin, insert, action, and innervation of the occipital belly of the occipitofrontalis

Location- base of skull

Origin- occipital bone

Insertion- epicranial aponecrosis

Actions- pulls scalp back

Innervation- posterior auricular nerve

List the location, orgin, insert, action, and innervation of the orbicularis oculi muscle

Location- eyelid

Origin- frontal bone

Insertion- tissue of eyelid

Actions- close eye

Innervation- facial nerve

List the location, orgin, insert, action, and innervation of the orbicularis oris muscle

Location: Lips

Origin: mandible

Insertion: Encircles the mouth

Actions: pouts

Innervation: Facial nerve

List the location, orgin, insert, action, and innervation of the masseter muscle

Location- mandible

Origin- zygomatic bone

Insertion- ramus of mandible

Actions- elevates mandible

Innervation- masseteric nerve

List the location, orgin, insert, action, and innervation of the temporalis muscle

Location- temporal bone

Origin- temporal fossa

Insertion- coronoid process of mandible

Actions- close jaw

Innervation- deep temporal nerves

List the location, orgin, insert, action, and innervation of the sternocleiodomastoid muscle

Location- neck

Origin- clavicle

Insertion-mastoid process of temporal bone

Actions- rotates head laterally

Innervation- spinal accessory nerve

List the location, orgin, insert, action, and innervation of the platysma muscle

Location: Anterior neck

Origin: Fascia covering deltoid muscles

Insertion: Base of the mandible

Actions: pulls down the corners of the mouth (frowning)

Innervation: Facial nerve

List the location, orgin, insert, action, and innervation of the rhomboid major muscle

Location- between trapezius and levator scapula

Origin- spinous proccesses of c2+T

Insertion- medial border of scapula

Actions- stabilize scap

Innervation- dorsal scapular nerve

List the location, orgin, insert, action, and innervation of the rhomboid minor muscle

Location- between trapezius and levator scapula

Origin- spinous proccesses of c2+T

Insertion- medial border of scapula

Actions- stabilize scap

Innervation- dorsal scapular nerve

List the location, orgin, insert, action, and innervation of the trapezius muscle

Location- thorax

Origin- occipital bone

Insertion- clavicle

Actions- rotates scapula

Innervation- spinal accessory nerve

List the location, orgin, insert, action, and innervation of levator scapulae muscle

Location- neck

Origin- transverse process of c1-c4

Insertion- medial border of scap

Actions- elevates scap

Innervation- cervical spinal nerve

List the location, orgin, insert, action, and innervation of the serratus anterior muscle

Location: thoracic wall

Origin: superior borders of the upper ribs

Insertion: medial border of the scapula

Actions: Protracts the scapula upward

Innervation: Long thoracic nerve

List the location, orgin, insert, action, and innervation of pectoralis major muscle

Location- chest

Origin- sternum

Insertion- tubercle of humerus

Actions- rotates arm

Innervation- pectoral nerves

List the location, orgin, insert, action, and innervation of pectoralis minor muscle

Location: Anterior chest

Origin: superior borders of ribs 3 - 5

Insertion: Coracoid process of the scapula

Actions: elevates ribs during deep inspiration

Innervation: Medial pectoral nerve

List the location, orgin, insert, action, and innervation of latissimus dorsi muscle

Location: Lower back

Origin: iliac crest

Insertion: Floor of the intertubercular groove of humerus

Actions: Extends the arm at shoulder

Innervation: Thoracodorsal nerve

List the location, orgin, insert, action, and innervation of the supraspinatus muscle

Location- scapula

Origin- supraspinous fossa of scapula

Insertion- greater tubercle of humerus

Actions- rotates arm laterally

Innervation- suprascapular nerve

List the location, orgin, insert, action, and innervation of the infraspinatus muscle

Location- scapula

Origin- infraspinousfossa of scapula

Insertion-greater tubercle of humerus

Actions- rotates arm laterally

Innervation- suprascapular nerve

List the location, orgin, insert, action, and innervation of the teres minor muscle

Location- rotator cuff

Origin- dorsal scapula

Insertion- humerus

Actions- rotate arm laterally

Innervation- axillary nerve

List the location, orgin, insert, action, and innervation of the subscapularis muscle

Location: Posterior scapula

Origin: Subscapula fossa

Insertion: Lesser tubercular groove

Action: Medially rotates arm

Innervation: Upper subscapular neves

List the location, orgin, insert, action, and innervation of teres major muscle

Location: Posterior shoulder

Origin: Scapula

Insertion: Intertubecular groove

Action: Adducts arm

Innervation: Lower subscapula nerve

List the location, orgin, insert, action, and innervation of deltiod muscle

Location: Shoulder

Origin: Clavicle

Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity

Action: Abducts arm

Innervation: Axillary nerve

List the location, orgin, insert, action, and innervation of the biceps brachii muscle

Location: Anterior arm

Origin: scapula

Insertion: Radial tuberosity

Action: Flexes elbow

Innervation: Musculotaneous nerve

List the location, orgin, insert, action, and innervation of the brachialis

Location: Anterior arm

Origin: Distal anterior humerus

Insertion: Ulnar tuberosity

Action: Flexes elbow

Innervation: Musculotaneous nerve

List the location, orgin, insert, action, and innervation of the brachioradialis muscle

Location: Lateral forearm

Origin: Humerus

Insertion: Radius

Action: Flexes elbow

Innervation: Radial nerve

List the location, orgin, insert, action, and innervation of the triceps brachii muscle

Location: Posterior nerve

Origin: Scapula

Insertion: Olecranon

Action: Extends elbow

Innervation: Radial nerve

List the location, orgin, insert, action, and innervation of the palmaris longus muscle

Location: Anterior forearm

Origin: Medial epicondyle

Insertion: Palmar aponeurosis

Action: Flexes ribs

Innervation: Median nerve

List the location, orgin, insert, action, and innervation of external intercostals muscle

Location: Between ribs

Origin: Rib inferior

Insertion: Rib superior

Action: Elevates rib

Innervation: Intercostal nerve

List the location, orgin, insert, action, and innervation of internal intercostals muscle

Location: Between ribs

Origin: Rib inferior

Insertion: Rib superior

Action: Depresses rib

Innervation: Intercostal nerve

List the location, orgin, insert, action, and innervation of rectus abdominus muscle

Location: Anterior abdomen

Origin: Pubic crest

Insertion: Xiphoid process

Action: Flexes trunk

Innervation: Thoracoabdominal nerve

List the location, orgin, insert, action, and innervation of external obliques muscle

Location: Lateral abdomen

Origin: Ribs 5-12

Insertion: iliac crest

Action: Rotates trunk

Innervation: Thoracoabdonmial nerve

List the location, orgin, insert, action, and innervation of internal obliques muscle

Location: Lateral abdomen

Origin: iliac crest

Insertion: Ribs 10-12

Action: Rotates trunk

Innervation: Thoracoabdominal nerves

List the location, orgin, insert, action, and innervation of transverse abdominus muscle

Location: Deep Abdominal wall

Origin: iliac crest

Insertion: Linea alba

Action: Compresses abdomen

Innervation: Thoracoabdominal nerve

List the location, orgin, insert, action, and innervation of the diagphram muscle

Location: Abdomen

Origin: Xiphoid

Insertion: Central tendon

Action: Inspiration

Innervation: Phrenic nerve

List the location, orgin, insert, action, and innervation of the gluteus maximus muscle

Location: Buttock

Origin: Sacrum

Insertion: Gluteal tuberosity

Action: Extends hip

Innervation: Inferior gluteal nerve

List the location, orgin, insert, action, and innervation of the gluteus medius muscle

Location: Lateral hip

Origin: Lateral ilium

Insertion: Greater trochanter

Action: Abducts hip

Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve

List the location, orgin, insert, action, and innervation of the gluteus minimus muscle

Location: Deep lateral hip

Origin: Lateral ilium

Insertion: Greater trochanter

Action: Abducts hip

Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve

List the location, orgin, insert, action, and innervation of the biceps femoris muscle

Location: Posterior thigh

Origin: Femur

Insertion: Head fibula

Action: Flexes knee

Innervation: Sciatic nerve

List the location, origin, insert, action, and innervation of the semitendinosus muscle

Location: back of thigh

Origin: ischial tuberosity

Insertion: medial condyle of tibia

Action: extends thigh, flexes leg

Innervation: sciatic and tibial nerve

List the location, origin, insert, action, and innervation of the semimembranosus muscle

Location: back of thigh, medial side

Origin: ischial tuberosity

Insertion: medial condyle of tibia

Action: extends thigh, flexes leg

Innervation: sciatic and tibial nerve

List the location, origin, insert, action, and innervation of the quadriceps femoris muscle

Location: front of thigh

Origin: rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius

Insertion: patella

Action: extends knee

Innervation: femoral nerve

List the location, origin, insert, action, and innervation of the rectus femoris muscle

Location: front of thigh

Origin: anterior inferior iliac spine and acetabulum

Insertion: patella and tibial tuberosity

Action: extends leg and flexes thigh

Innervation: femoral nerve

List the location, origin, insert, action, and innervation of the vastus intermedius muscle

Location: anterior thigh

Origin: anterior and lateral surfaces of femur

Insertion: patella

Action: extends leg and flexes thigh

Innervation: femoral nerve

List the location, origin, insert, action, and innervation of the vastus lateralis muscle

Location: outer side of thigh

Origin: greater trochanter and linea aspera of femur

Insertion: patella

Action: extends leg and flexes thigh

Innervation: femoral nerve

List the location, origin, insert, action, and innervation of the vastus medialis muscle

Location: inner side of thigh

Origin: intertrochanter and linea aspera of femur

Insertion: patella

Action: extends leg and flexes thigh

Innervation: femoral nerve

List the location, origin, insert, action, and innervation of the tensor fascia lata muscle

Location: lateral side of hip and upper thigh

Origin: anterior aspect of iliac crest and anterior superior iliac spine

Insertion: IT band

Action: steadies leg

Innervation: superior gluteal nerve

List the location, origin, insert, action, and innervation of the sartorius muscle

Location: anterior thigh

Origin: anterior superior iliac spine of pelvis

Insertion: medial surface of proximal tibia

Action: flexes, abducts, and rotates thigh

Innervation: femoral nerve

List the location, origin, insert, action, and innervation of the gracilis muscle

Location: medial thigh

Origin: inferior ramus of pubis

Insertion: medial surface of proximal tibia

Action: adducts thigh and flexes knee

Innervation: obturator nerve

List the location, origin, insert, action, and innervation of the tibialis anterior muscle

Location: front of shin

Origin: lateral condyle and upper lateral surface of tibia

Insertion: medial cuneiform and base of first metatarsal

Action: dorsiflexion

Innervation: deep fibular nerve

List the location, origin, insert, action, and innervation of the soleus muscle

Location: back of lower leg

Origin: posterior head and upper shaft of fibula

Insertion: calcaneus through Achilles tendon

Action: plantar flexion

Innervation: tibial nerve

List the location, origin, insert, action, and innervation of the gastrocnemius muscle

Location: back of calf

Origin: medial and lateral condyles of femur

Insertion: posterior calcaneus

Action: plantar flexion

Innervation: tibial nerve

List the location, origin, insert, action, and innervation of the psoas muscle

Location: low back and pelvic region

Origin: body and transverse processes of T12-L5

Insertion: lesser trochanter of femur

Action: flexes hip, rotates thigh

Innervation: anterior rami of spinal nerves

List the location, origin, insert, action, and innervation of the superficial transverse perinei muscle

Location: superficial perineum

Origin: ischial tuberosity

Insertion: perineal body

Action: stabilizes the perineal body

Innervation: pudendal nerve

List the location, origin, insert, action, and innervation of the superficial transverse ischiocavernosus muscle

Location: superficial perineum

Origin: ischial tuberosity and ischiopubic ramus

Insertion: crus of penis/clitoris

Action: stabilizes erectile tissue

Innervation: pudendal nerve

List the location, origin, insert, action, and innervation of the piriformis muscle

Location: glute

Origin: anterior surface of sacrum

Insertion: greater trochanter of femur

Action: laterally rotates and abducts thigh

Innervation: nerve to piriformis

List the location, origin, insert, action, and innervation of the quadratus muscle

Location: back of hip

Origin: ischial tuberosity

Insertion: femur

Action: rotates thigh outwards and inwards

Innervation: nerve to quadratus femoris

List the location, origin, insert, action, and innervation of the erector spinae muscle

Location: along back of spine

Origin: sacrum, iliac crest, and lower vertebrae

Insertion: ribs, vertrbrae, and skull

Action: extends spine, bends trunk sideways

Innervation: posterior rami of spinal nerves