Urinary System

Powerpoint + Video as help

Main Organs of the Urinary System (4)

• Kidneys

• Ureters

• Urinary Bladder

• Urethra

What don’t you want in Urine? (2)

RBC and Proteins

What is the main way Kidneys aid homeostasis?

They filter blood to maintain blood chemicals and send toxins, metabolic wastes, and excess water out of body

What substances should stay in Blood? (6)

• Glucose

• Amino acids

• Most water

• Essential ions

• Proteins

• Red blood cells

What substances should be excreted as Urine?

• Urea

• Uric acid

• Creatinine

• Excess ions

• Toxins

• Excess water

What is A in the Pathway of Filtrate through Kidneys

Glomerulus

What is B in the Pathway of Filtrate through Kidneys

Glomerular capsule

What is C in the Pathway of Filtrate through Kidneys

Proximal convoluted tubule

What is D in the Pathway of Filtrate through Kidneys

Nephron loop

What is E in the Pathway of Filtrate through Kidneys

Distal convoluted tubule

What is F in the Pathway of Filtrate through Kidneys

Collecting duct

What is G in the Pathway of Filtrate through Kidneys

Ureter

What is H in the Pathway of Filtrate through Kidneys

Bladder

What is I in the Pathway of Filtrate through Kidneys

Urethra

What is A in the Pathway of Filtrate through the Nephron Loop

Descending thin limb

What is B in the Pathway of Filtrate through the Nephron Loop

Ascending thin limb

What is C in the Pathway of Filtrate through the Nephron Loop

Thick ascending limb

What is A in the Pathway of Renal Vascularization

Renal Artery

What is B in the Pathway of Renal Vascularization

Segmental Artery

What is C in the Pathway of Renal Vascularization

Interlobar Artery

What is D in the Pathway of Renal Vascularization

Arcuate Artery

What is E in the Pathway of Renal Vascularization

Cortical Radiate Artery

What is F in the Pathway of Renal Vascularization

Afferent Glomerular Arteriole

What is G in the Pathway of Renal Vascularization

Glomerulus (Capillaries)

What is H in the Pathway of Renal Vascularization

Efferent Glomerular Arteriole

What is I in the Pathway of Renal Vascularization

Peritubular Capillaries & Vasa Recta

What is J in the Pathway of Renal Vascularization

Cortical Radiate Vein

What is K in the Pathway of Renal Vascularization

Arcuate Vein

What is L in the Pathway of Renal Vascularization

Interlobar Vein

What is M in the Pathway of Renal Vascularization

Renal Vein

What are Podocytes?

They are specialized cells in the visceral layer of the glomerular capsule (Bowman's capsule) that create filtration slits with their foot processes

What is Reabsorbtion?

Taking useful substances from the filtrate back into the blood

What is Secretion?

Moving substances from the blood into the renal tubule so they can be eliminated in urine

What cells secrete Renin?

Granular cells of the juxtaglomerular (JG) complex secrete Renin

What is the function of Renin?

Renin helps initiate the renin-angiotensin mechanism, which helps regulate blood pressure

Where are the renal artery and vein found in the Kidney?

They enter/exit the kidney at the renal hilum (concave aspect)

Unique aspect of Urethra in Females

About 3-4 cm long

Unique aspects of Urethra in males (2)

• 20cm long

• Three named regions

What does ADH stand for?

Antidiuretic Hormone

What is the function of ADH?

Helps the body conserve water by increasing water permeability of portions acted upon

Where does ADH act? (2)

Collecting ducts & Distal convoluted tubules

What is the function of Juxtamedullary Nephrons?

Contribute to kidney’s ability to concentrate urine, found in Medulla

What do Macula Densa cells do?

Monitor solute concentration in the filtrate and signals granular cells to secrete renin at end of Ascending Loop

What do Mesangial cells do?

They regulate blood flow within the glomerulus, located around capillaries of the glomerulus

What do JG (granular) cells do?

Secrete renin when blood pressure falls, in the wall of the afferent arteriole