Common Cestodes and Trematodes of dogs and cats

Dipylidium caninum common name

Flea tapeworm

Definitive host Dipylidium caninum

dogs

cats

PPP Dipylidium caninum

2-4 weeks

transmission of Dipylidium caninum

ingestion of IH - flea, louse

they contain the cysticercoid

where Dipylidium caninum found

small intestine

clinical signs Dipylidium caninum

usually none

scooting

proglottids on perineal region, in stool, on bedding

diagnosis Dipylidium caninum

finding proglottids

standard or centrifugal fecal float

• round eggs with striated shell

• 6-hooked hexacanth embryo

• eggs are in packets

Taenia pisiformis common name

rodent tapeworm

definitive host Taenia pisiformis

dogs

where Taenia pisiformis found

small intestine

up to 200cm long

PPP Taenia pisiformis

2 months

transmission of Taenia pisiformis

ingestion of IH - rabbit/hare

clinical signs Taenia pisiformis

usually none

diagnosis Taenia spp.

finding proglottids in feces or on pets

• when dry look like rice

examine proglottids with squash prep

fecal floatation

• round to slightly oval with striated shell

• hexacanth embryo

Taenia taeniaeformis common name

rodent tapeworm

definitive host Taenia taeniaeformis

cats

where Taenia taeniaeformis found

small intestine

up to 60 cm long

PPP Taenia taeniaeformis

1.5 months

trasmission Taenia taeniaeformis

ingestion of IH - rodent

clinical signs Taenia taeniaeformis

usually none

Taenia ovis common name

tapeworm

definitive host Taenia ovis

dogs

wild canids

PPP Taenia ovis

1.5-2 months

where Taenia ovis found

small intestine

transmission Taenia ovis

ingestion of IH - sheep

clinical signs Taenia ovis

IH sheep - sheep measles/ovine cysticecoid

DH dogs - none

diagnosis Taenia ovis

finding proglottids

fecal floatation

no cure for IH - sheep

Enchiococcus spp. common name

hydatid tapeworm

definitive host Echionococcus spp.

dogs

canids

PPP Echionococcus spp.

~2 months

transmission Echionococcus spp.

ingestion of IH - mammals

where Echionococcus spp. found

small intestine

clinical signs Echionococcus spp.

none

diagnosis Echinococcus spp.

fecal floataion

• eggs cannot be differentiated from Taenia spp.

PCR

ELISA

is Echinococcus spp. zoonotic

yes

fecal-oral route as humans are one of the IH

Diphyllobothrium latum common name

broad fish tapeworm

definitive host Diphyllobothrium latum

dogs

cats

humans

other mammals

PPP Diphyllobothrium latum

4-6 weeks

transmission Diphyllobothrium latum

ingestion of 2nd IH - fish

• they first have to ingest 1st IH - copepod/aquatic crustacean

where Diphyllobothrium latum found

small intestine

up to 12 meters long

clinical signs Diphyllobothrium latum

usually none

diagnosis Diphyllobothrium latum

fecal float

squash prep

is Diphyllobothrium latum zoonotic

yes

is Taenia spp. zoonotic

no

is Dipylidium caninum zoonotic

no

Spirometra spp. common name

zipper tapeworm

definitive host Spirometra spp.

domestic and wild carnivores

• dogs

• cats

PPP Spirometra spp.

10 days

transmission Spirometra spp.

ingestion of 2nd IH - reptiles, mammals, birds, amphibians

• they must first ingest 1st IH - copepod

where Spirometra spp. found

small intestine

clinical signs Spirometra spp.

vomiting

diarrhea

weight loss

larval migrans

• eyes

• CNS

diagnosis Spirometra spp.

fecal floatation

• oval shaped but asymmetrical

is Spirometra spp. zoonotic

yes

Nanophyetus salmincola common name

salmon poisoning fluke

definitive host Nanophyetus salmincola

dogs

cats

other mammals

PPP Nanophyetus salmincola

1 week

trandmission Nanophyetus salmincola

ingestion of 2nd IH - salmonid fish

• must eat 1st IH - snail

where Nanophyetus salmincola found

small intestine

clinical signs Nanophyetus salmincola

salmon fluke poisoning in dogs in the Pacific northwest

diagnosis Nanophyetus salmincola

fecal sedimentation

Alaria spp. common name

Intestinal fluke

definitive host Alaria spp.

dogs

cats

other mammals

is Nanophyetus salmincola zoonotic

yes

PPP Alaria spp.

5-6 weeks

transmission Alaria spp.

ingestion of 2nd IH - tadpole

• must eat 1st IH - snail

ingestion of Paratenic host

• frogs

• snakes

• mice

where Alaria spp. found

small intestine

clinical signs Alaria spp.

adults do little damamge

larva may damage lungs and other tissues - migrans

diagnosis Alaria spp.

fecal sedimentation

is Alaria spp. zoonotic

yes

Paragonimus kellicotti common name

lung fluke

definitive host Paragonimus kellicotti

dogs

cats

other mammals

PPP Paragonimus kellicotti

5-6 weeks

transmission Paragonimus kellicotti

ingestion of 2nd IH - fresh water crabs, crayfish

• must eat 1st IH - snail

where Paragonimus kellicotti found

lung

clinical signs Paragonimus kellicotti

intermittent cough

lethargy

chronic bronchitis

eosinophilic granulomatous pneumonia

diagnosis Paragonimus kellicotti

fecal sedimentation

is Paragonimus kellicotti zoonotic

yes