Urology and Nephrology- Urinary System and Male Reproductive System

Urology

The study of the urinary structures that carry urine from the kidney to the bladder and out.

What do urologists treat?

Urinary tract conditions of males and females, and reproductive conditions of males

Nephrology

The study of the kidney and how it makes urine

Nephrologists

Treat renal failure, kidney and electrolyte imbalances, and kidney disease in dialysis patients

What homeostatic processes involve the urinary system?

Removing waste products

Adjusting water and electrolyte levels

Maintaining normal pH

What do the kidneys do?

Remove unnecessary substances and water in the form or urine

What does the male reproductive system produce and secrete?

Produces sperm and secretes testosterone via the testes

What organs handle sperm storage and transportation and fluid secretion

Epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands, urethra, and penis

Where are the kidneys located?

One kidney is located on either side of the spine at the lower ribs, outside of the peritoneal membrane

What is the kidney made up of?

Thousands of nephrons

What does the glomerulus do?

Filters waste and excess fluid out of the blood to make urine

Where is urine held?

In the kidney called the renal pelvis and drains into the ureters

What is the urinary bladder?

A muscular, elastic organ that stores urine until it is released

Where does the urine exit the body?

At the meatus

What are the testes?

Male reproductive organs that produce sperm and testosterone and are suspended outside the body

Why does the scrotum pull the testes in and away from the body?

The scrotum maintains ideal testicular temperature

What is the path of sperm?

Sperm are stored and mature in the epididymis. Upon ejaculation sperm enters the vas deferens and travel toward the urethra. Reproductive glands add fluid to the sperm as it travels through the vas deferens. Sperm enters the urethra at the prostate gland where milk fluid nourishes the sperm and turns it into semen released through the penis at the glans penis

balan/o

glans penis

cyst/o

urinary bladder, sac

epididym/o

epididymis

glomerul/o

glomerulus

lith/o

stone

nephr/o

kidney

orch/o

testis

orchi/o

testis

orchid/o

testis

prostat/o

prostate gland

pyel/o

renal penis

ren/o

Kidney

semin/i

semen

sperm/o

sperm

spermat/o

sperm

testicul/o

testis

ur/o

urine

ureter/o

ureter

urethr/o

urethra

urin/o

urine

vas/o

vas deferens

vesicul/o

seminal vesicle

albumin/o

albumin

azot/o

nitrogen waste

bacteri/o

bacteria

bi/o

life

corpor/o

body

crypt/o

hidden

genit/o

genitals

glycos/o

sugar, glucose

hem/o

blood

hemat/o

blood

hydr/o

water

noct/i

night

olig/o

scanty

py/o

pus

rect/o

rectum

varic/o

dilated vein

ven/o

vein

-al

pertaining to

-algia

pain

-ar

pertaining to

-cele

protrusion

-cyte

cell

-eal

pertaining to

-ectomy

surgical removal

-emia

blood condition

-genesis

produces

-gram

a record

-graphy

process of recording

-ia

condition

-iasis

abnormal

-ic

pertaining to

-ism

state of

-itis

inflammation

-lith

stone

-logist

one who studies

-logy

study of

-lysis

to destroy

-megaly

enlarged

-meter

instrument for measuring

-oma

tumor, mass

-osis

abnormal condition

-ostomy

surgically create opening

-otomy

Cutting into

-ous

pertaining to

-pathy

disease

-pexy

surgical fixation

-plasia

formation of cells

-plasty

surgical repair

-ptosis

drooping

-rrhaphy

to suture

-rrhea

discharge

-sclerosis

hardening

-scope

instrument for viewing

-stenosis

narrowing

-tic

pertaining to

-tripsy

surgical crushing

-uria

urine condition

a-,an-

without

anti-

against

dys-

abnormal, difficult, painful

epi-

above