a level chemistry: moles

what is a mole?

the amount of substance containing as many particles as there are atoms in 12g of carbon-12 (i.e. 6.02 × 10²³ particles)

what is Avogadro’s number?

the number of particles in one mole of a substance (6.02 × 10²³)

what is water of crystallisation?

the water molecules incorporated into an ionic lattice. It can be removed by heating, and you will know when all the water has been removed because you will have heated to constant mass

how to find the molecular formula when you know the empirical formula and the Mr

Mr/empirical formula, then multiply the answer by the little numbers on each element

what is the ideal gas equation?

pressure x volume = moles x gas constant (8.314) x temperature in Kelvin

what is the pressure at RTP?

101 kPA or 1 atm

what is the ideal gas constant?

8.314 J/mol/K

what is atom economy?

Mr of desired product (remember the stoichiometric numbers!) / total Mr of products (remember the stoichiometric numbers again)