Building Technology 1: Hardware

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering rough and finish building hardware types, fasteners, locks, hinges, and accessories based on the lecture slides.

Rough Hardware

Hardware meant to be concealed in construction, such as bolts, nails, screws, spikes, and other metal fittings.

Finish Hardware

Also called Architectural Hardware, Builders' Finish Hardware, or Finish Builders' Hardware; hardware that has a finished appearance as well as a functional purpose (such as hinges, locks, and catches) and serves as part of the decorative treatment of a space.

Common Wire Nail

A cut or wire low-carbon steel nail having a slender plain shank and a medium diamond point; used in general construction where finish appearance is unimportant, such as framing.

Finishing Nail

A slender nail made from finer wire than a common nail with a brad-type head, permitting it to be set below the wood surface leaving a small hole that can be easily puttied.

Brad Nail

A small finishing nail, usually of uniform thickness throughout, featuring a head that is almost flush with the sides or projects slightly to one side.

Box Nail

A nail similar to a common nail but thinner, possessing a long shank that may be smooth or barbed.

Casing Nail

A slender nail featuring a small, slightly flared head used primarily for finishing work.

Ring-shank Nail

A nail manufactured with multiple ring-like grooves around its shank to increase holding power.

Clinch Nail

Any nail designed for clinching after driving, which involves hammering the protruding point so that it is bent over flat.

Roofing Nail

A short nail having a barbed or ring shank and a comparatively large flat head, often galvanized or bright, used with a neoprene, lead, or plastic washer to attach roofing felt or shingles.

Bright Finish

A metal finish achieved using a chemical dip—often composed of sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, and water—to produce a shiny surface on brasses.

Metal Lath Nail

A specialized fastener designed to secure metal lath, which acts as a base for plastering.

Electrician's Staple Nail

A U-shaped piece of metal or heavy wire with pointed ends driven into a surface to hold wires, sheet material, or hasps.

Concrete Nail

A hardened steel nail featuring a flat countersunk head and diamond point, used for driving into concrete or masonry.

Masonry Nail

A hardened steel nail crafted with a knurled or fluted shank, specifically designed for fastening into masonry.

Face-nailing

A method of driving nails perpendicular to the face of the material being attached.

Blind-nailing

Also called concealed or secret nailing; driving nails in such a manner that the nail heads are hidden from view on the finished surface.

Toe-nailing

Also called skew or tusk nailing; driving a nail obliquely relative to the surfaces being joined.

Wood Screw

A helically threaded metal fastener with a pointed tip that cuts its own thread when turned into wood or soft material.

Lag Screw

Also called a lag bolt or coach screw; a heavy bolt having a square head and coarse-pitched thread.

Screw Anchors

An anchor device having a metal or plastic expansion shell with a central screw; driving the screw forces the shell to expand tightly in a drilled hole. Locally called a tux screw.

Tekscrew

A specialized self-drilling screw used to fasten metal roofing sheets to purlins.

Machine Bolt

A threaded bolt with a straight shank designed for use with a nut, having a conventional square, hexagonal, button, or countersunk head.

Carriage Bolt

A threaded bolt featuring a rounded circular head, flat/oval bearing surface, and a square shoulder directly beneath the head to prevent rotation when tightening.

Toggle Bolt

A bolt with a nut equipped with spring-loaded pivoted flanged wings that collapse to enter a hole and expand once inside, enabling blind attachment to hollow walls.

Expansion Bolt

An anchoring device having an expandable sleeve or socket that expands as a bolt is driven in; used for securing timber or structural elements to masonry.

Butt Hinge

A hinge consisting of two intermeshing leaves attached to the butt edge of a door, held together by a pin passing through knuckles.

Full Mortise Hinge

A hinge configuration where both leaves are fully mortised into the door edge and door jamb.

Half-Surface Hinge

A hinge configuration having one leaf surface-mounted on the face of the door and the other leaf mortised into the frame.

Half-Mortise Hinge

A hinge configuration where one leaf is surface-applied to the frame while the other leaf is mortised into the edge of the door.

Full-Surface Hinge

A hinge configuration applied directly to the outer surface of both the door leaf and frame.

Loose Pin Hinge

A hinge with a removable center pin, allowing the leaves to be detached without unscrewing them.

Loose Joint Hinge

A two-knuckle hinge having a vertical pin affixed to one knuckle, allowing the door to be unhung by simply lifting it upward off the pin.

Olive-knuckle Hinge

A paumelle-style hinge with knuckles that form an oval shape when combined.

Invisible Hinge

A hinge engineered so that no part of the hardware is exposed to view when the door is closed; widely known by the brand name SOSS.

Mortise Lock

A door lock installed inside a rectangular pocket cut out of the door edge, accommodating both a dead bolt and latch bolt operated in a single body.

Unit Lock

Also called a preassembled lock; a complete factory-assembled unit slipped into a notch cut out of the door edge.

Bored Lock

Also called a cylindrical lock; installed by drilling round cross holes through the door face and edge.

Interconnected Lock

A lock system uniting a cylindrical lock and a dead bolt in which turning the interior lever or knob retracts both bolts at once.

Escutcheon

A decorative or protective plate placed around a keyhole, door handle, or cylinder.

Knob Rose

A round plate fixed to the face of a door surrounding the hole through which the doorknob spindle passes.

Panic Hardware

Door-latching hardware featuring a crossbar that releases the latches under pressure to facilitate emergency exit.

Astragal

A vertical member installed between double doors to close the joint, act as a door stop, and enhance security.

Chain Door Fastener

A security device mounted to a door and frame that permits the door to open slightly up to the length of the chain.

Foot Bolt

A locking bolt attached to the base of a door operated using foot pressure and retracted by a spring.

Automatic Door Bottom

A drop-seal mechanism installed along the lower edge of a door that automatically lowers to seal against the floor when a plunger strikes the jamb during closing.

Piano Hinge

Also called a continuous hinge; a long hinge running the entire length of the joined parts.

Flush Ring

A mortised door pull equipped with a hinged ring that folds completely flat into the recess when not pulled.

T-Hinge

Also called a Tee hinge; a T-shaped surface hinge with a long strap fastened to the door and a vertical plate fastened to the doorpost.

Hardware

Metal products used in construction

Screws

are externally threaded fasteners

Metal screw

fastened by screwing into metal

Bolts

A metallic pin or rod having a head on one end and an external thread on the other for screwing up a nut, used to secure objects together.

Nut

a short metal block having a central hole which is threaded to receive a bolt, screw, or other threaded part.

Hinges

are movable joints used to attach, support, and turn a door (or cover) about a pivot, consist of 2 plates joined together by a pin which support the door and connect it to its frame

Fast pin hinge

a hinge in which the pin is fastened permanently in place

Latches and Locksets

are devices to hold a door in the closed position and lock it.

latch set

only holds the door in place with no provision for locking. It has a beveled latch extending from the face of the door edge and automatically engages the strike mounted in the frame when the door is closed.

lockset

has a special mechanism that allows the door to be locked with a key or thumb turn.

Dead bolt

a type of door lock; the bolt which is square in cross section, is operated by the door key or a turn piece.

Latch bolt

a spring bolt, one edge of which is beveled; when the door or window to which it is attached is closed, the bolt is forced inward; when in the fully closed position, the bolt springs back into a fixed notch or cavity

Entrance lockset

an intricately designed lockset; operated inside with a key and a thumb turn or a universal button which when pushed stays put and locks the door.

Bedroom lockset

same as the entrance lockset but simpler in design

Toilet lockset

a simply designed lockset which is locked from the inside by pushing, without a key, a universal button. To release, the cylindrical knob is turned from the inside only

Knob

a handle, more or less spherical, usually for operating a lock

Strike, strike plate, striking plate

a metal plate or box which is set in a doorjamb and is either pierced or recessed to receive the bolt or latch of a lock, fixed on a door.

Lip strike

the projection from the side of a strike plate which the bolt of a lock strikes first, when a door is closed; projects out from the side of the strike plate to protect the frame

Closers

are devices that automatically return the door to its closed positioned after its opened.

Pivots

provide an alternative way to hang doors where the visual appearance of hinges is objectionable or where a frameless door design may make it impossible to use hinges.

Push Plates and Pull Bars

are used to operate a door that does not require automatic latching. They are also used on doors to commercial kitchens

Door Stops and Bumper

are small metal fabrications with rubber bumpers attached and are used to keep a door from damaging adjacent construction.

Door bolt or barrel bolt

a manually operated sliding rod or bar attached to a door for locking it; a spring is not part of the locking mechanism.

Chain bolt

at the top of a door, a spring bolt which is actuated by a chain attached to it.

Flush bolts

are used on the inactive leaf of a pair of doors to lock the door in place. They may be surface mounted or mortised into the edge of the door.

Weather Stripping

is used along the edge and bottom of doors to provide a tight seal against water and air infiltration. Different types of neoprene, felt, metal, vinyl, and other materials are used.

Thresholds

are used where floor materials change at a door line, where weather stripping is required, where a hard surface is required for an automatic door bottom, or where minor changes in floor level occur.

Standard brass butt

for general usage

Back flap hinge

with wide plates for table leaves and rabbeted full flaps.

Strap hinge

for narrow sections

Lift-off butt

for cabinet doors which have to be removed from time to time without disturbing setting.

Loose pin hinge or ball-tipped hinge

where it is necessary to throw door clear of carcass frame with the whole or the hinge knuckle protruding.

Stopped hinge

opens through 90 deg. only

Clock case hinge

one plate is wider to allow for a projecting door

Friction catch

any catch which, when it engages a strike, is held in the engaged position by friction.

Bullet or ball catch

a fastener which holds a door in place by means of a projecting spring-actuated steel ball which is depressed when the door is closed.

Pull

A handle for opening a door, window, drawer etc.

E-single extension

withdrawal distance designed to be less than installation length

V-full extension

incorporates a pull out distance as great as, or greater than the installation length.

T-telescopic extension

are full extending systems.