MODULE 1 (RANDOM)

Haptocorrin AKA R-binder

The first salivary glycoprotein the absorption of Vitamin B12 that binds tightly to the vitamin in the oral cavity and stomach to shield it from harsh gastric acid.

Intrinsic Factor

Secreted by gastric parietal cells but only binds to the vitamin later in the duodenum after pancreatic proteases degrade haptocorrin.

Rhodamine B

A synthetic organic dye used to give a violet ppt of antimony.

EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid)

Is a classic hexadentate ligand. This allows it to completely wrap around the toxic metal ion, forming a highly stable, water-soluble ring structure (chelate) that can be safely excreted by the kidneys.

Ferric ferrocyanide/Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3

Prussian Blue

Ferrous ferricyanide/Fe3[Fe(CN)6]2

Turnbull’s Blue

Functional Isomers

Identical formula, but completely different functional groups.

Positional Isomers

Same functional group, but attached to a different position on the carbon skeleton.

Skeletal/Chain Isomers

Same formula and functional group, but the carbon backbone framework is branched differently.

Chair

Most stable structure of cyclohexane.

Cis and Trans

Restricted rotation occurs across a rigid barrier where each designated carbon holds exactly one hydrogen and one non-hydrogen substituent.

Z and E

Restricted rotation occurs across a rigid barrier where the carbons hold highly substituted, fully asymmetric, or completely different groups.

Enantiomer

Non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

Diastereomer

Stereoisomers that are not mirror images of one another.

Meso Compounds

Molecules that contain two or more chiral centers but are achiral (optically inactive) due to an internal plane of symmetry.

NaOH

Hard soap base

KOH

Soft soap base