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Distillation

A method for separating a mixture of liquids based on differences in boiling points.

Distillate

The purified liquid obtained from the condensation of vapor during distillation.

Boiling Point

The temperature at which a liquid's vapor pressure equals the external pressure, causing it to turn into gas.

Azeotrope

A mixture of two or more liquids that has a constant boiling point and composition, making separation by distillation impossible.

Fractional Distillation

An enhanced distillation process that involves multiple small distillation steps to improve separation of liquids.

Vigreux Column

A type of distillation column with internal prongs to allow for better separation by providing surface area for re-evaporation.

Phase Composition

The proportion of different components in a mixture, particularly in relation to gas and liquid phases during distillation.

Gravitational Securing

Using Keck clips and other methods to secure glassware joints in a distillation apparatus to prevent disconnections.

Boiling Stones

Solid materials added to liquid in a distillation setup to promote smooth boiling and prevent bumping.

Purity Measurement

Using density and temperature readings to assess the concentration level of a substance in a distillate.