WEEK THREE DEV

What patterns do dev sci look for?

1. organisation (changes become integrated into more complex systems)

2. sequence (change follow common patterns, although timing and pathways vary)

3. direction (involve increasing complexity, diff, integration but can include loss or reorgnaisation)

4. Relative Stability ( changes are enduring, other remain flexible or context dependant

Metatheories

how we develop, broad assump that shape how we understand develop and what we consider importanr to explain

assumption shape how we investigate dev, what counts as evidence, how we interpret findings

Experimental/ Correlation designs

exper- research change or manip an indep variable and measure its effect on a dependent variable (app controls) strong evid of cause and effect

correlational-researchers examine wheather two or more variables are related. identify patterns and relationship but corr alone cannot estab causation

cross sectional methods

compare diff groups at one point in time. Provide a snapshot of age related diff or patterns. faster and less resource intensive. cannot show how the same indiv change over time. age diff may also reflect cohort diff

longitudinal methods

follow the same indiv over time, direclty examine developmental change within indiv, estab the sequence of changes acorss time, requires more time, resources and participant commitment, attrition can become a concern over time

Ethics in developmental research

re ethics refers to the principles and procedures used to protect the rights, dignity, privacy, saftey and well being of people who participate in reserahc

Ethical implications K-12 teachers

Students saftey and well being- resp to support, include rec signs of abuse and resp approp

Confidentiality and Privacy- personal info

Equity and Fairness- access to learn op. aviod fav or bias in discipline

Respect for Autonomy- encourage voice and choice where dev app

persaonal boundries, ethical use of tech, cult responsive and inclusive practice, critical reflection on practices

Parental development (38 weeks) Key processes

rapid cell division, cell differentiation and organ formation, growth and brain dev

Three key stages in prenatal dev

1. germinal (zygote) 0-2 weeks after conception

2. embryonic (embryo) 3-8 weeks after con

3. fetal (fetus) 9 weeks

Period of Zygote (weeks 0-2)

dev starts sperm cell fert an egg cell, in fallopian tube creating zygote. Hours zy rapidly div process of mitosis. 5-6 days blastocyst, 6-10 implant in lining, day 12 implantation. Support struc form to protect dev organisms

Am sac/ placenta/ umbil cord

Amniotic sac- fluid filled struc protects dev organism cushion

Plcenta- themp organ exchange oxygen

Umbilical cord- connects dev org, carrying oxygen toward it and waste products away

Period Embryo (weeks 3-8)

Organogenesis- building nody major struc

Em period patic sensitive period cause foundations major rgans and body systems form

Org- heart brain

week3-4: Neural tube brain spinal

week4: heart and limbs heart beat emerge

Embryo 3-8 weeks

Cell diff and vulnerability

rapidly diff become specialised and org three germ layers

1. ectoderm: skin nervous sy

2. Mesoderm: muscle and bones

3. Endoderm: digestive and respriatory sys

Why 3-8 weeks so sensitive

teratogens :)

Period of Fetus (week9-12)

grow rapdily, facial features, small reflex

Week 13-27

rapid growth, brain and sensory system, breathing like, intensive medical support if out of womb

Visibility: a dev example

Interaction principle: dev is interactive/ medical care not sep from bio

Survival not equal dev outcome: increase risk not mean predetermined outcome

Context creates unequal opp: connects viability to broader question of equity, healthcare acess policy and inclusion

week 28

prep life outside womb

weight, lungs, head down

Prenatal dig and treatment

Monitoring and diagnosis

ultra sound, amniocentesis, chronic villus sampling

Treatment and specialised care

maternal fetal medicine, fetal surgery, gene therapy

How teratogens influ dev

Timing, dose and duration, exposure, susceptibility, protective factors

Factors impacting pre and post natal dev

genes, enviro, phenotype

Def for genetics, dna, and genes

Genetics: study of genes, heredity, and genetic variation

DNA: bio info proteins and other functional products, encoding, dev functions

Genes: sections of dna, proteins, gene and expression

Proteins and amino acids

pro- chains, build rep chem reaction transport send receving defending

from one cell to many

Cell specialisation- muscle bone cells neurons

Genome and gene- complete dna cell, info make proteins, dont use genes same way

Genetic cookbook

gene (transcription), rna (translation), protein

epigenome

which recipe accessible or active, when timing, how much expression, changes

Chromatin

proteins called histones package cell nucleus, helps package reg expression.

Epigenome

switches genes influ, attach direclty, influ how accesible, patterns differ

histone modifications/ dna methylation

Intricate links/ Reaction range

In: genes plus enviro, variation equals characteristics, dev, diff acorss enviro

Re: range of poss phenotypic outcomes (graph- geno b top enviro change lots and a bottom little chnage)

Interaction not nature vs nurture

dev emerges through on going inter amoung genes bio exper and context

Gene expression is dynamic

dna sequence remains stable, patterns of gene expression can change aross cells, dev and enviro conditions

Exper can become bio embedded

enviro conditions and exper include nutrition, stress, toxins, reg can occur

Same genome, diff cells

all cells contain the same genome, express diff patterns of genes. Epi import of regulation that contributes to cell diff and specialisation