Muscles of the upper extremity

Deltoid m.

1. Origin

2. Insertion

3. Action

1. Origin

   1. Anterior portion: lateral 1/3 of clavicle

   2. Lateral portion: acromion (clavicle)

   3. Posterior portion: spine of scapula

2. Insertion

   1. Deltoid tuberosity

3. Action

   1. Primary mover of arm flexion

   2. Rotates arm medially

   3. Abducts arm against resistance

   4. Anterior: flexion and medial rotation of arm

   5. Lateral: abduction of arm

   6. Posterior: extension and lateral rotation of arm

Teres Major m.

1. Origin

2. Insertion

3. Action

1. Origin

   1. Inferior angle

   2. lateral boarder of scapula

2. Insertion

   1. medial lip in intertubercular sulcus

3. Action

   1. extends, medially rotates, and adducts the arm

Supraspinatus m.

1. Origin

2. Insertion

3. Action

1. Origin

   1. supraspinous fossa

2. Insertion

   1. greater tubercles of humerus

3. Action

   1. abduction of arm

   2. hold head of humerus in glenoid cavity

Infraspinatus m.

1. Origin

2. Insertion

3. Action

1. Origin

   1. infraspinous fossa

2. Insertion

   1. greater tubercle of humerus

3. Action

   1. lateral rotation of arm

   2. holds head of humerus in glenoid fossa

teres minor m.

1. Origin

2. Insertion

3. Action

1. Origin

   1. lateral border of scapula

2. Insertion

   1. greater tubercle of humerus

3. Action

   1. lateral rotation of arm

   2. Adduction of arm (weak)

   3. holds head of humerus in glenoid fossa

subscapularis m.

1. Origin

2. Insertion

3. Action

1. Origin

   1. subscapular fossa

2. Insertion

   1. lesser tubercle of humerus

3. Action

   1. medial rotation of arm

   2. hold head of humerus in glenoid fossa

Triceps brachii m.

1. Origin

2. Insertion

3. Action

1. Origin

   1. Long head: infraglenoid tubercle (scapula)

   2. Medial and lateral heads: shaft of humerus

1. Insertion

   1. olecranon of ulna

1. Action

   1. extension of forearm

   2. extension of arm (long head)

coracobrachialis

1. Origin

2. Insertion

3. Action

1. Origin

   1. corocoid process of scapula

2. Insertion

   1. anteromedial surface of humeral shaft

3. Action

   1. adduction and flexion of arm at shoulder joint

Biceps brachii m.

1. Origin

2. Insertion

3. Action

1. Origin

   1. Long head: supraglenoid tubercle (scapula)

   2. Short head: corocoid process (scapula

   3. humerus

1. Insertion

   1. Tendon: (radial tuberosity)

   2. Aponeurosis: deep fascia (proximal medial forearm

1. Action

2. Supination of forearm

3. Flexion of forearm

4. Flexion of arm (weak)

Brachialis m.

1. Origin

2. Insertion

3. Action

1. Origin

   1. anterior distal shaft of humerus

2. Insertion

   1. ulnar tuberosity

3. Action

   1. flexion of forearm

Pronator teres m.

1. Origin

2. Insertion

3. Action

1. Origin

   1. medial epicondyle of humerus

   2. coronoid process of ulna

2. Insertion

   1. lateral mid-shaft of radius

3. Action

   1. pronation of forearm

flexor carpi radialis m.

1. Origin

2. Insertion

3. Action

1. Origin

   1. medial epicondyle of humerus

2. Insertion

   1. metacarpals II and III (base)

3. Action

   1. flexion of wrist and hand

   2. abduction of hand (lateral deviation)

palmaris longus m.

1. Origin

2. Insertion

3. Action

1. Origin

   1. medial epicondyle of humerus

2. Insertion

   1. palmar aponeurosis

3. Action

   1. flexion of wrist (weak)

   2. tense palmar aponeurosis

flexor carpi ulnaris m.

1. Origin

2. Insertion

3. Action

1. Origin

   1. medial epicondyle of the humerus

   2. olecranon and posterior border of ulna

2. Insertion

   1. carpal bones (pisiform and hamate)

   2. Metacarpal V (base)

3. Action

   1. Flexion of wrist

   2. Adduction of hand (medial deviation)

flexor digitorum superficialis m.

1. Origin

1. Insertion

2. Action

1. Origin

   1. medial epicondyle of humerus

   2. coronoid process of ulna

   3. proximal anterior shaft of radius

2. Insertion

   1. middle phalanges of fingers 2-5

3. Action

   1. flexion of hand and middle phalanges 2-5

   2. assist in flexion of wrist and metacarpophalangeal joints

Flexor pollicis longus m.

1. Origin

1. Insertion

2. Action

1. Origin

   1. radius (anterior mid-shaft)

   2. interosseous membrane

   3. coronoid process of ulna

1. Insertion

   1. distal phalanx of thumb

2. Action

   1. flexion of thumb

flexor digitorum profundus m.

1. Origin

1. Insertion

2. Action

1. Origin

   1. ulna (proximal anterior shaft)

   2. interosseous membrane

1. Insertion

   1. distal phalanges of fingers 2-5

2. Action

   1. flexion of fingers 2-5 at distal interphalangeal joints

   2. assist in flexion of wrist at metacarpophalangeal joints

pronator quadratus

1. Origin

1. Insertion

2. Action

1. Origin

   1. distal shaft of ulna

1. Insertion

   1. distal shaft of radius

2. Action

   1. forearm pronation

brachioradialis m.

1. Origin

1. Insertion

2. Action

1. Origin

   1. lateral distal shaft of humerus

1. Insertion

   1. styloid process of radius

2. Action

   1. flexion of forearm

   2. assists in pronation of forearm (supinated)

   3. assists in supination of forearm (pronated)

extensor carpi radialis brevis m.

1. Origin

1. Insertion

2. Action

1. Origin

   1. lateral epicondyle of humerus

1. Insertion

   1. metacarpal III (base)

2. Action

   1. extension of wrist

   2. abduction of hand (lateral deviation)

extensor carpi radialis longus m.

1. Origin

1. Insertion

2. Action

1. Origin

   1. lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

1. Insertion

   1. metacarpal II (base)

2. Action

   1. extension of wrist

   2. abduction of hand (lateral deviation)

extensor digitorum m.

1. Origin

1. Insertion

2. Action

1. Origin

   1. lateral epicondyle of humerus

1. Insertion

   1. extensor expansion (phalanges 2-5)

2. Action

   1. extension of fingers 2-5

   2. assists in extension of wrist

extensor carpi ulnaris m.

1. Origin

1. Insertion

2. Action

1. Origin

   1. lateral epicondyle of humerus

1. Insertion

   1. metacarpal V (base)

2. Action

   1. extension of wrist and hand

   2. adduction of hand (medial deviation)

anconeus

1. Origin

1. Insertion

2. Action

1. Origin

   1. lateral epicondyle of humerus

1. Insertion

   1. lateral surface of olecranon

2. Action

   1. assists in forearm extension (elbow joint)

   2. stabilization of elbow joint

extensor digiti minimi

1. Origin

1. Insertion

2. Action

1. Origin

   1. lateral epicondyle of humerus

1. Insertion

   1. extensor expansion of digit 5

2. Action

   1. digit 5 expansion

supinator m.

1. Origin

1. Insertion

2. Action

1. Origin

   1. ulna (posterior proximal shaft)

   2. lateral epicondyle of humerus

1. Insertion

   1. radius (lateral proximal shaft)

2. Action

   1. supination of forearm

abductor pollicis longus m.

1. Origin

1. Insertion

2. Action

1. Origin

   1. radius (proximal posterior)

   2. ulna (proximal posterior)

   3. interosseous membrane

1. Insertion

   1. metacarpal I (base)

2. Action

   1. abduction of thumb

   2. extension of thumb

extensor pollicis longus

1. Origin

1. Insertion

2. Action

1. Origin

   1. posterior ulna

1. Insertion

   1. distal phalanx of thumb

2. Action

   1. extension of thumb

extensor pollicis brevis m.

1. Origin

1. Insertion

2. Action

1. Origin

   1. radius (posterior distal shaft)

1. Insertion

   1. proximal phalanx of thumb (dorsal)

2. Action

   1. extension of thumb

extensor indicis

1. Origin

1. Insertion

2. Action

1. Origin

   1. posterior ulna

1. Insertion

   1. extensor expansion of digit 2

2. Action

   1. extension of digit 2

thenar m.

1. Origin

1. Insertion

2. Action

1. Origin

   1. Abductor pollicis brevis: carpal bones (scaphoid, trapezium) and flexor retinaculum

   2. Flexor pollicis brevis: carpal bones (scaphoid, trapezium) and flexor retinaculum

   3. Opponens pollicis: carpal bone (trapezium) and flexor retinaculum

1. Insertion

   1. Abductor pollicis brevis: proximal phalanx of thumb

   2. Flexor pollicis brevis: proximal phalanx of thumb

   3. Opponens pollicis: metacarpal I

2. Action

3. Abductor pollicis brevis: abduction of thumb

4. Flexor pollicis brevis: flexion of thumb

5. Opponens pollicis: opposition of thumb

hypothenar

1. Origin

1. Insertion

2. Action

1. Origin

   1. Abductor digiti minimi (hand): carpal bone (pisiform) and tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris

   2. Flexor digiti minimi brevis (hand): carpal bone (hamate) and flexor retinaculum

   3. Opponens digiti minimi: carpal bone (hamate) and flexor retinaculum

2. Insertion

   1. Abductor digiti minimi (hand): proximal phalanx of little finger

   2. Flexor digiti minimi brevis (hand): proximal phalanx of little finger

   3. Opponens digiti minimi: metacarpal V

1. Action

   1. Abductor digiti minimi (hand): abduction of little finger

   2. Flexor digiti minimi brevis (hand): flexion of little finger

   3. Opponens digiti minimi: opposition of little finger

PAD- palmar (hand) muscles

adduct

DAB- dorsal (hand) muscles abduct

hypothenar / thenar

 All For One And One For All (medial to lateral)

 Abductor digiti minimi

 Flexor digiti minimi

 Opponens digiti minimi

 Adductor pollicis longus

 Opponens pollicis

 Flexor pollicis brevis

 Abductor pollicis brevis

pass fail pass fail

anterior forearm muscles

penguins fish persistently for fish

Pronator teres

Flexor carpi radialis

Palmaris longus

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Flexor digitorum superficialis

3 B’s bend the elbow

Brachialis

Biceps

Brachioradialis

supination

SOUPination – like you’re holding a bowl of soup – palms up!

pronation

POUR-nation – like you’re dumping the bowl of soup – palms down!

abduction

the movement of a limb or body part away from the median sagittal plane of the body

adduction

the movement of a limb or body part toward the body’s midline

biceps brachii muscle origin:

 “You walk shorter to a street corner. You ride longer on a superhighway.”:

Short head originates from coracoid process.

Long head originates from the supraglenoid cavity

shoulder movement

flexion

extension

medial rotation

lateral rotation

Deltoid m.

Teres Major m.

Supraspinatus m.

Infraspinatus m.

teres minor m.

subscapularis m.

Triceps brachii m.

coracobrachialis

Biceps brachii m.

Brachialis m.

Pronator teres m.

flexor carpi radialis m.

palmaris longus m.

flexor carpi ulnaris m.

flexor digitorum superficialis m.

Flexor pollicis longus m.

flexor digitorum profundus m.

pronator quadratus

brachioradialis m.

extensor carpi radialis brevis m.

extensor carpi radialis longus m.

extensor digitorum m.

extensor carpi ulnaris m.

anconeus

extensor digiti minimi

supinator m.

abductor pollicis longus m.

extensor pollicis longus

extensor pollicis brevis m.

extensor indicis

thenar m.

hypothenar