Anatomy Cell Unit for Kyle

Nucleus

control center

Nucleus

Nucleolus

dense body in the nucleus that produces ribosomes

Nucleolus

Chromatin

loose mix of DNA

Chromatin

Rough ER

assembles proteins; contains ribosomes

Rough ER

Smooth ER

synthesizes lipids; no ribosomes

Smooth ER

Ribosome

synthesizes proteins; small RNA containing particles

Ribosomes

Golgi apparatus (golgi body)

packages and modifies proteins

Golgi apparatus (golgi body)

Lysosome

digestion; membranous sac that contains digestive enzymes

Lysosome

Centrioles

makes spindle fibers used in mitosis

Mitochondria (“powerhouse of the cell”)

produces ATP for cellular energy

Cytoplasm

jelly-like liquid inside the cell that is the center of metabolic activities

Cell

basic functional unit of organisms; microscopic package that contains all parts and processes necessary to survive

Organelle

cellular “organ”; individual structure with specific function

Cell membrane

protective layer around cell; double layer of phospholipid molecules

Passive transport

requires no energy input from cell

Simple diffusion

movement of a molecule from a higher concentration to a lower concentration

Facilitated diffusion

movement of a molecule from a higher concentration to a lower concentration; molecules are transported by carrier proteins

Osmosis

diffusion of water

Filtration

water and solutes move from region of high to low hydrostatic pressure along a pressure gradient

Active transport

requires ATP

ATP

cellular energy

Solute pumping

substance moves through membrane against concentration gradient; requires carrier protein

Bulk transport

larger substances enter or exit through the membrane

Exocytosis

ejection of substance from cell; vesicle fuses with membrane and ruptures

Endocytosis

large particle enters the cell; substance enclosed in membrane; pinches off cytoplasm and contents are digested

Tonicity

the water potential of 2 solutions separated by a partially permeable cell membrane

Isotonic

concentration of solutes (ex: sugar, salt) is equal inside and outside of the cell; ideal state

Hypotonic

concentration of solutes is LESS in the outside of the cell

Hypertonic

concentration of solutes is MORE on the outside of the cell