Module 2

Anatomy

The study of structure.

Physiology

The study of function.

Gross Anatomy

Structures visible without a microscope.

Microscopic Anatomy

Structures requiring a microscope.

Reductionism

Studying something by breaking it down into smaller parts.

Holism

Looking at the body as a complete, interconnected system.

Homeostasis

The maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment.

Negative Feedback

Counteracts a change, pushing the body back toward its normal range.

Positive Feedback

Increases or reinforces the original change.

Epithelial Tissue

Forms coverings, linings, and glands; involved in protection, absorption, and secretion.

Connective Tissue

Supports and connects structures, protects, stores energy, and transports substances.

Muscle Tissue

Specialized for contraction, producing movement, force, and heat.

Nervous Tissue

Specialized for communication, processing information, and conducting electrical signals.

Sebaceous Glands

Produce sebum, lubricating the skin and hair, and limiting bacterial growth.

Eccrine Sweat Glands

Produce a watery secretion important for cooling the body.

Apocrine Sweat Glands

Produce a cloudy/sticky secretion influenced by hormones.

Meissner's Corpuscles

Detect light touch.

Pacinian Corpuscles

Detect deep pressure and vibration.

Keratinocytes

Most numerous epidermal cells that produce keratin.

Melanocytes

Produce melanin, contributing to skin pigmentation.

Stratum Corneum

Most superficial epidermal layer with many flattened, dead, keratinized cells.

Hyaline Cartilage

Most common type of cartilage; tough and slightly flexible.

Fibrocartilage

Very strong cartilage designed to resist compression and tension.

Osseous Tissue

Bone tissue characterized by a matrix with collagen fibers and mineral salts.

Nail Matrix

Part of the nail that produces new nail cells.

Hair Follicle

Structure that produces hair within the skin.

Reticular Layer

Deeper layer of the dermis made of dense irregular connective tissue.

Papillary Layer

Superficial layer of the dermis made of areolar connective tissue.