Tajweed: Rules of Al-Madd and Al-Qasr

Vocabulary flashcards covering the definitions, types, letters, and hierarchies of Madd (lengthening) and Qasr (shortening) in Tajweed rules.

Al Madd (Linguistically)

Increasing and lengthening or stretching.

Al Madd (Terminologically)

The lengthening of the pronunciation of the letters of Madd & Leen when there is a due cause such as a Hamza or sukoon.

Al Qasr (Linguistically)

Imprisonment, withholding, forbidding, or confinement.

Al Qasr (Terminologically)

Clearly pronouncing the letter of Madd or Leen without lengthening it or extra elongation due to the absence of any cause.

Alif ($ا$) Madd Letter

Always preceded by a fatha ($ـَ ا$).

Waw ($و$) Madd Letter

Preceded by a dammah ($ـُ و$).

Ya ($ي$) Madd Letter

Preceded by a kasrah ($ـِ ي$).

Letters of Leen

The letters Alif ($ا$), Waw ($و$), or Ya' ($ي$) when they are sakinah and preceded by a fat-ha.

Al-Madd Al-Tabee’ee (Natural - Original)

Madd that is necessary for the proper pronunciation of the letter and the correctness of the word; it is not based on a reason like hamz or sukoon.

Word-based Natural Madd (Kalimi)

A type of natural madd found within words, such as in the example ($نوحيها$).

Letter-based Natural Madd (Harfi)

Natural madd occurring in the two-letter sounds ($حي طهر$) found in the disjointed letters at the start of some suras.

Minor Connecting Madd

Occurs when the pronoun haa ($هاء الضمير$) is between two voweled letters and the second letter is not a hamzah.

Madd Arid lil Sukoon (Temporary Madd due to Sukoon)

Originally natural madd in connection that becomes a temporary madd when stopping due to a sukūn.

Secondary Medd (Al-Madd Al-Far'i)

The additional lengthening of the sound of the madd more than the natural madd due to Hamzah or Sukoon.

Al-Madd Al-Wajib Al-Mutasil (Joined Required Madd)

A madd letter followed by a Hamza in the same word, elongated for $4$ or $5$ counts.

Al-Madd Al-Ja’iz Al-Munfasil (Allowed Separated Madd)

When a letter of madd is at the end of a word and a hamzah is at the beginning of the following word.

Major Connecting Madd (Madd As-Silah Al-Kubra)

Occurs when the pronoun haa ($هاء الضمير$) comes between two vowels and the second is a hamzat al-qat‘ ($ء$).

Madd Al-Badal (Substitution Madd)

Occurs when a hamzah comes before a madd letter; it is permissible to be lengthened for $2$ counts.

Al-Madd Al-Lazim

The strongest rank of madd where the sukoon is original ($asly$) and the letter of madd and sukoon appear in the same word.

Rank of Mudood (Strongest to Weakest)

1. Al-Lazim, 2. Al-Mutasil, 3. Al-Aarid lil Sukoon, 4. Al-Munfasil, 5. Al-Badal.