Chemistry Unit 3: Nomenclature

What is a “Molecule?”

When two of the same nonmetal atoms or two or more different nonmetals combine.

What is a “Diatomic Molecule”

• A two atom molecule

• Highly reactive, Doesn’t exist naturally as single elements

• (Ex: N2, O2)

• WAYS TO REMEMBER: I BRING CLOTHES FOR OLD NAKED HIPPIES

What is: I Bring Clothes For Old Naked Hippies

• I, Br, Cl, F, O, N, H

• Elements that exist as Diatomic Molecules

What are the properties of Metals?

• Ductile (Drawn into wires)

• Malleable (Hammer able)

• Luster (Shiny)

• Good conductors of heat and electricity

• Usually solid at room temperature

What are the properties of Semi-Metals/Metalloids?

• They have properties of both metals and non-metals

• - B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po, At

What are the properties of Non-metals?

• Brittle

• Lack Luster

• Poor Conductors of heat and electricity

• May be solids, liquids, or gases at room temperature

What are “Ionic Compounds?”

• Formed from a metal and a non-metal

• One or more electrons are transferred from each atom of the metal to one or more atoms of the nonmetal to become CHEMICALLY NEUTRAL OVERALL

• Add together to become 0

What is an “Ion?”

Charged atom

What is a “Cation”

• A positively charged atom

• Loses electrons

• Metal

What is an “Anion?”

• A negatively charged atom

• Gains electrons

• Non-metal

What are the rules for writing formulas for binary ionic compounds?

• Write a symbol. Cation first, anion second

• Determine the charge of the atoms of each elements

• Select subscripts that make the total positive charge = total negative charge

• Noble Gasses don’t make compounds

What are “Polyatomic ions?”

• Groups of more than one element that are bound together tightly and carries one charge.

• Behaves as if it has a single charged atom.

• (Info on the Snoopy Sheet)

How do you name Ionic Compounds?

1) Name the Cation (Metal)

2) Name the anion (Nonmetal) and replace ending with “-ide”

How can I remember the endings for acids

-ate → ic

-ite →ous

(Ate the ick and ite the house)

Name these anions like they are the second part of an Ionic Compound: Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine, Phosphorus, Sulfur, Chlorine, Bromine, and Iodine

• Nitrogen → nitride

• Oxygen → oxide

• Fluorine → fluoride

• Phosphorus → phosphide

• Sulfur → sulfide

• Chlorine → chloride

• Bromine → bromide

• Iodine → iodide

How do you use the “Stock System”?

Name the metal followed by a Roman numeral in parentheses that tells the charge

What are “Molecular Compounds”?

Compounds made from two non-metals or a semi-metal and a non-metal.

What are the rules for naming Molecular Compounds?

• Prefixes are used for both the first and second element

• EXCEPTION: If there is only one atom represented by the formula for the first-named element, the prefix mono isn’t used

• If a two syllable prefix ends with a vowel, the vowel is dropped before the prefix is attached to a word beginning with a vowel.

What are the prefixes for naming Covalent Compounds?

1) Mono-

2) Di-

3) Tri-

4) Tetra-

5) Penta-

6) Hexa-

7) Hepta-

8) Octa-

9) Nona-

10) Deca-

How do you identify an Acid?

It has one or more H^+ ions attached to an anion.

How do you name Acids?

1) If the anion doesn’t contain oxygen, the acid is named with the prefix hydro- and the suffix -ic

2) When the anion contains oxygen the suffix -ic or -ous is added to the root word.

What compounds that start with H are “exceptions” because they aren’t acids

H2O(Water) H2O2 (or O2H2, double check)