Chapter 4: Upper Limb Anatomy

- Hand

- Wrist

- Forearm

- Elbow

- Humerus

- Shoulder Girdle

What are the six groups of the upper limbs?

27 bones

How many bones are in each hand and wrist?

- Phalanges (fingers and thumbs)

- Metacarpals (palms)

- Carpals (wrist)

What are the three groups of bones in each hand and wrist?

14

How many phalnages are in each hand?

5

How many metacarpals are in each palm of the hand?

8

How many carpals are in each wrist?

Proximal and distal

What are the two phalanx sections of the tumb?

Proximal, middle, and distal

What are the three phalanx sections of digits 2-5?

Head, body (shaft), and base

What are the three parts of each phalanx?

Head, body (shaft), and base

What are the three parts of each metacarpal?

On the thumb or radial side when the hand is in the anatomic position

Where is the first metacarpal located?

Distal Interphalangeal Joint (DIP)

What is the name of the joint between the distal and proximal phalanx?

Proximal Interphalangeal Joint (PIP)

What is the name of the joint between the middle and proximal phalanx?

Interphalangeal joint

What is the only joint that the tumb has?

Metacarpophalangeal Joint (MCP)

What is the joint between the phalanges and the metacarpals?

Carpometacarpal Joint (CMC)

What is the name of the joint at the base of the metacarpals that articulates with the carpals of the wrist?

Scaphoid

Lunate

Triquetrum

Pisiform

Trapezium

Trapezoid

Capitate

Hamate

What does the mnemonic Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can't Handle stand for?

Scaphoid Carpal Bone

What is the boat shaped bone that is first in the proximal row, the largest in the proximal row, and the most frequently fractured carpal bone?

Lunate Carpal Bone

What is the moon shaped carpal that is second in the proximal row and articulates with the radius?

Triquetrum Carpal Bone

What is the third carpal in the proximal row that has three articular surfaces and is distinguished by its pyramidal shape?

Pisiform Carpal Bone

What is the pea-shaped carpal that is fourth in the proximal row and the smallest in the proximal row?

Trapezium Carpal Bone

What is the four-sided irregular shaped carpal that is located medial and distal to the scaphoid and proximal to the first metacarpal in the distal row?

Trapezoid Carpal Bone

What is the four-sided wedge shaped carpal that is second in the distal row and the smallest in the distal row?

Capitate Carpal Bone

What is the third carpal in the distal row and the largest in the distal row?

Hamate Carpal Bone

What is the fourth carpal in the distal row that is distinguisable by its hook-like process called the hamulus?

The radius on the lateral or thumb side and the ulna on the medial or pinky side

What are the bones of the forearm?

Styloid Process

What are small conical or pointy projections that are located at the extreme distal ends of both the ulna and radius, and also articulate with the scaphoid?

Radial Tuberosity

What is the rough textured oval process on the medial and anterior side of the radius that is just distal to the neck?

Radial Neck

What is the narrow area near the head of the radius?

Radial Head

What is the disklike proximal end of the radius?

Proximal Radiolunar Joint

What is the joint that articulates the head of the radius with the radial notch of the ulna?

Distal Radioulnar Joint

What is the joint that articulates the head of the ulna with the ulnar notch of the radius?

Trochlear notch

What is the large concave depression, or semilunar notch, that articulates with the distal humerus?

Radial Notch

What is the small, shallow depression locted on the lateral aspect of the proximal ulna that articulates the head of the radius with the ulna?

Capitulum ("little head")

What is located on the lateral aspect of the humerus and articulates with the head of the radius?

Trochlea; located medially and articulates with the ulna

What is shaped like a pulley or spool, has two rimlike outer margins and a smooth depressed center portion? Where is it located and what does it articulate with?

Trochlear Sulcus (Groove)

What is the smooth depressed center of the trochlea?

Olecranon Fossa

What is the name of the depression on the distal posterior humerus?

Radial Fossa

What is the name of the depression on the anterior lateral distal humerus?

Coronoid Process

What is the depression on the distal medial ulna

Lateral Epicondyle of Humerus

What is the small projection on the lateral aspect of the distal humerus above the capitulum?

Medial Epicondyle of Humerus

What is located on the medial edge of the distal humerus and is larger and more prominent than the lateral epicondyle?

Fluid filled and freely moving

What does synovial and diarthrodial mean?

Ulnar Deviation

What wrist joint movement is towards the ulna (more medial) and opens the radial side of the wrist around the scaphoid?

Radial Deviation

What wrist joint movement is towards the radius (more lateral) and opens the ulnar side of the wrist around the pisiform?

Lateral (External) Rotation; Radial Head

What elbow joint rotation separates the radius and ulna? What does this rotation demonstrate?

Medial (Internal) Rotation; Coronoid

What elbow joint superimpses the radius and ulna? What does this rotation demonstrate?

So that the radius and ulna are not superimposed

Why is a forearm done with the hand supinated?

Yes

Can more than one oblique be done on elbows?

Synovial and diarthrodial

What are all joints of the upper limb considered to be?