Eisenhower's foreign policy

Ike = President Eisenhower K = Nikita Khrushchev

KOREA

What policy did Ike pursue in Korea, ‘rollback’ or ‘containment’?

containment

What did Ike say the “cost of one modern heavy bomber” was?

“The cost of one modern heavy bomber is this: a modern brick school in more than 30 cities”

What did Ike say the cost of one modern destroyer war?

“The cost of one modern destroyer is five fully equipped hospitals”

What did Ike famously say about the danger of an Arms Race?

“under the cloud of threatening war is it humanity hanging from a cross of iron”

How long did it take Ike to end the war in Korea?

6 months

Ike wanted to contain communist expansion by threatening the Chinese with what?

“massive nuclear retaliation”

When was the ceasefire in Korea?

27th July 1953

IRAN

When had covert CIA operations been useful? (before Iran)

whilst fighting against Hitler

Who did the CIA overthrow?

Prime Minister Mohammed Mossadegh

Who did the CIA put into power instead?

The Shah, Mohammed Raza

When was this coup?

19 August 1953

What did the US want to protect in Iran?

US and British oil from Soviet meddling

IKE

Ike refused to send bombers/atomic bombs to help which country fight the communist North Vietnamese?

France

What did Nixon call Ike’s presidency style?

“Devious in the best sense of the word”

Who called Ike’s presidency a “hidden hand”?

Fred Greenstein

TAIWAN

When did communist China start to shell two small islands?

late 1954

Name the two islands

Quemoy and Matsu

Who controlled these islands + from where?

nationalist Chinese (Chiang Kai-Shek) on Formosa (Taiwan)

What 2 things did Ike do to intimidate the Chinese?

Staged military maneuvers off the coast of China and tested nuclear weapons

What was China’s response to Ike’s threats of nuclear war?

They stopped shelling the islands within a few weeks

What is the name for these risky policies?

“brinkmanship”

What was the name of the operation where Ike showed his executive branch what they would do in the case of nuclear war?

Operation Alert

What issue of domestic policy would cast a shadow over Ike’s presidency?

Little Rock Nine (civil rights movement)

Who was the Secretary of State?

John Foster Dulles

U2

Where and when did Ike visit K?

In the Geneva Summit 1955

What did the West call the Soviets?

“world-wide communist conspiracy”

What was Ike’s proposal to the Soviets called? (he wanted to allow each country to take aerial photographs of its military installations)

“Open Skies”

What was K’s response? “You are simply trying to look in our _____”

bedrooms

When did Ike send a U2 plane after the summit? and from where

the following July / from West Germany

Where was K when this U2 plane flew over Moscow?

At an Independence Day Party at the American Embassy

SPUTNIK/MISSILE GAP

Who launched the world’s first satellite?

The USSR

What was the term used to describe the difference between the US and USSR in terms of technology?

The missile gap

Who was Vice President at the time?

Richard Nixon

What meeting did Ike attend despite suffering a stroke?

NATO meeting in Paris

What was the first US satellite called? (first failed attempt)

Vanguard TV-3

What else did the Soviets launch before the Americans?

Intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM)

How many months after the Soviets did the US launch their first ICBM?

5 months after

Who accused Ike of spreading misinformation to the American people?

JFK

WASHINGTON

What did K do after his visit in the US? (reducing the arms race with the US)

He ordered cuts of more than 1 million men from the Soviet Army

What present did K give Ike?

A miniature Sputnik

U2

Who was the head of the CIA?

Allen Dulles

At which meeting did relations between the US and USSR improve?

Camp David

Where did the first U2 spy plane fly to and when?

It went to Kazakhstan (Soviet satellite) on the 9th April

What did this plan fail to photograph?

site in the Arctic town of Plesetsk

When did the next U2 plane take off?

1st May

Who was the pilot?

Francis Gary Powers

Where did he take off from?

Peshawar, Pakistan

The Soviets shot this plane down. What was this day known as?

May Day

At first, what did Ike say the U2 plane was?

A NASA weather plane which crashed in Turkey

PARIS CONFERENCE

Who did K blame for the espionage?

Pentagon militarists

Who was Ike’s Press Secretary?

Haggerty

What did K call Ike?

“a dirty capitalist thief”

What was the White House described as? (in relation to Ike)

“the tomb of the well-known soldier”