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Exigence
The issue, problem, or situation that causes an author to write or speak.
Audience
The people an author is trying to reach or persuade.
Ethos
An appeal to credibility or trust; convincing the audience that the speaker is reliable.
Logos
An appeal to logic and reason; using facts, statistics, and evidence.
Pathos
An appeal to emotions; making the audience feel something to persuade them.
Ad Hominem
A fallacy that attacks a person's character instead of addressing their argument.
Slippery Slope
A fallacy that claims one action will lead to a series of extreme or negative consequences without enough evidence.
False Dilemma
A fallacy that presents only two choices when more options actually exist.
Bandwagon
A fallacy that argues something is right or true because many people believe or do it.
Dramatic Irony
When the audience knows something that the characters in a story do not know.