Mediators of Inflammation

Autocrine

effect cells that made them

Paracrine

effect nearby cells

endocrine

effect distant cells

pleiotropic

more than one function

redundant

similar effectss

synergistic

act in concert to create different effects

anatagonistic

inhibit other mediators

cascade effect

production stimulated by other mediators

stereotypic response

NOT antigen specific

Acute Phase Proteins

early IF, within serum, made by liver

Kinins

Cause pain

Coagulation factors

activated in platelets, stim IS

Acute Phase proteins

molecules in the serum that increase dramatically just prior to inflammation

Negative AP Proteins

albumin, transferrin

Kinins

cleaved during IF, mediate pain

Complement functions

opsonize bacteria, enhance IF response, cell lysis via MAC

C3 function

convergence point of complement pathway

C3a + C5a

Pro IF- induce histamine release from mast cells to increase vascular permeability

C3b

opsonin to coat bacteria

C5a

chemoattractant for granulocytes and monocytes

MAC proteins

C5b, C6-9

Vasoactive Amines

dilate arterioles and increase permeability

Histamine

from mast cells, IC gaps for permeability, short lived

Serotonin

major vasoactive amine in ruminants

Eicosanoids

derived from damage to membrane, pro IF

Platelet Activating Factor

prod by IF cells, induced platelet aggregation, brochoconstriction, activates neuts

COX-1

protective of GI tract

COX-2

fever, pain, inflammation

Reactive Oxygen Species

damage all tissues around them

Cytokines

prod by all nucleated cells, cell communication

Interferon a/B

Interfere with virus replication, stim by PAMPs and viruses

Chemokine

Chemoattractive

Antiviral effects

Inhibit translation, increase degradation, inhibit synthesis of RNA

IFN-y

prod by TH1 (CTL + NK) if recognizing viral antigen, stims other subsets, induce C3b receptors

IL 1

fever, T cell, M activation

IL 6

acute phase prot prod

IL 12

prod IFN-y, NK/T cell cytotoxicity

IL 10

suppress M

IL 13

Inhib M cytokine prod

TGFB

slows everyone down

IL 2

prolif T cells

IL 15

prolif T cells

IL 5

eosinophil chemotaxi

IL 8

Neut chemotaxi

TNFa

cytolysis via apoptosis, APP prod, fever via IL-1 stim, cachexia

Leptin

food satiety, alters TH1 response

Adiponectin

increase insulin sensitivity

Lysosomal enzymes

digest damaged tissue and pathogens, mediate inflammation