FRST 307 Lab

• white rot

• cambial mycelia fans

• rhizomorphs

• tan coloured, gilled fruiting bodies

• predominantly conifers

Armillaria Solidipes

• pitted white rot

• fruiting body - upper surface brown/black, lower surface white

  • large, at the base of trunk

  • shelf like, slightly upturned

• western hemlock

Heterobasidion annosum

• pitted white rot (honeycomb appearance)

• fruiting body - upper surface yellow brown/rust brown, lower surface - yellow/greybrown

  • almost funnel like

• spruces, true firs, pines

onnia tomentosa

• laminated root disease

• ectotrophic grey-white mycellium on roots + bark

• mycellium can be covered by crust like tan/brown layer

• doug fir

coniferiporia sulphurascens

• cubical brown rot

• fruiting body

  • shelf like on trees

  • funnel like on ground

  • yellow - orange (young), red - brown (old) in zones (ON TOP)

    • lower surface = yellow green

• advanced decay = large red brown cubes w mycelial mats

Phaeolus hispidoides

• no decay

• small ascomycete (RARE)

• root pathogen

Grosmannia wageneri

• brown stringy heart rot

• fruiting body

  • upper - black + cracked

  • lower - black (grey when young)

  • hoof shaped and hard

• incipient decay = light brown heartwood stain

Echinodontium tinctorium

• brown cubical heart rot

• fruiting body

  • marshmallow-esque, collumnar or hoof shaped

  • upper - white (fresh), grey/brown (old)

  • lower - white (fresh), light brown (dry)

• incipient decay = yellow/red brown stain

Laricifomes officinalis

• brown cubical sap/heart rot

• fruiting body

  • shelf-like/hoof-shaped

  • upper surface - red/brown margin, other ranges from dark brown-grey-black

  • lower surface - white to cream

• possible mycelial mats in advanced decay

Fomitopsis mounceae

• White spongy heart rot

• fruiting body

  • VERY flat + defined shelf

  • top = light brown often covered with brown dust

  • bottom = white

• advanced decay - white spongy mottled wood

Ganoderma applanatum

• brown cubical sap rot

• fruiting body

  • shelf like but gilled underside

  • top = light - dark cinnamon brown

  • bottom = light brown

Gloeophyllum sepiarium

• brown cubical heartrot

• fruiting body

  • upper = bright orangy yellow

  • lower = yellow

  • wavy shelfs clustered together

• advanced decay = small red-brown cubes

Laetiporus sulphureus

• white pitted heart/sap wood rot

• furiting body

  • upper = ridged, light-dark greyish brown

  • lower = light brown

  • hoof shaped or effused reflexed or shelf like

• advanced decay can have dark zone lines, white wood fibers

Porodaedalea pini

• white rot

• advanced decay = black zone lines

• fruiting body

  • shelf life

  • upper = grey/black

  • lower = brown

• only on aspen (populus)

Phellinus tremulae

• white spongy rot

• dark zone lines

• fruiting bodies

  • shelf like

  • upper = multicoloured (so pretty)

  • lower surface = white cream/grey

Trametes versicolor

What are the two types of fruiting bodies for atropellis piniphila

1. pycnidia - on young cankers (perrennial cankers on branches/stems + resinosis)

2. apothecia - in the center of cankers (black saucer-like structures)

• blue/black stain in sapwood, and branch flagging (griddled branches from cakers)

• infects pinus species (lodgepole pine/pondorosa pine)

• distorted growth

• has two types of signs

Atropellis piniphila

signs and symptoms of entoleuca mammata

signs

• perithecia - grey when young, black when mature, visible on canker surface

symptoms

• diffuse cankers (sunken yellow area on abrk)

• cracking bark

• stem breakage

• leaf wilt

• on aspen, willow, sitka alder (broadleaf bc species)

• diffuse orange cankers

• greyish/black sexual fruiting bodies

Entoleuca mammata

signs + symptoms of neonectria spp.

signs

• perithecia (Sexual)

• sporodochia (cause flagging, small brightly coloured red/orange)

  • both grow from cankered bark

symptoms

• perrenial cankers - tree makes concentric circles of callused tissue

• sunken cankers

• branch flagging (sporodochia)

• BC broadleaf species

• perrenial cankers (Concentric circles, flagging, sunken cankers)

• perithecia and sporodochia

Neonectria spp.

hosts of chrysomyxa pirolata

acial (most damaging)

• spruce (picea)

telial

• wintergreens

• infect spruce cones = destroy cone crop

• in telial hosts, yellow uredinia are present on lower leaf surfaces

chrysomyxa pirolata

What hosts are involved with cronartium coleosporiodies

aecial (more severe)

• pinus (cankers, chlorotic needles, aecial pustles, resionsis)

telial

• scrophulariaceae spp

  • uredinia (+telia) form on underside of leaf

• stem gridling + deformation

• cankers, chlorotic leaves, resinosis

• aceial pustles on brances, uredinia on telial host

cronartium coleosporioides

• Hosts + signs + symptoms of cronartium comandrae

aecial

• pinus

  • perrenial cankers, aecial pustles, chlorotic needles, pear shaped aeciospores

telial

• comandra spp

  • uredinia on underside of leaves

  • chlorotic leaves, stem spots

• cankers, chlorosis, aecial pustles, pear shaped aeciospores

Cronartium Comandrae

hosts + signs + symptoms of cronartium ribicola

aecial

• pinus spp

  • cankers (diamond shaped + orange), aecial pustels, chlorisis + branch flagging

telial

• Ribes spp.

  • uredinia on underside

cankers (diamond shaped), aecial pustles, chlorosis

Cronartium Ribicola

Hosts + symptoms of cronartium harknessii

AUTOECIOUS

• pinus

  • galls, orange aecia, ellipsoid aeciospores, branch flagging

• galls + orange aecia

Cronartium Harknessii

Hosts + signs + symptoms of gymnosporangium Sabinae

Aecial

• pyrus spp

  • yellowish/orange leaf spots, pycnia of backside of leaves, aecia

telial

• juniperus spp

  • telialspores/bassidiospores (no uredinial stage)

• yellow orange leaf spots

• dark orange globular telia

• aecia on backside of leaf

Gymnosporangium Sabinae

Signs + symptoms + hosts of melampsora occidentalis

Aecial

• conifer spp

  • aecia are flat and form on needles + chlorotic needles

telial (worst)

• populus spp

  • uredinia on both sides of the leaf as yellow spots

• flat aecia on needles

• orange/yellow aeciospores

• yellow uredinia on broadleaf telial species

melampsora occidentalis

Arceuthobium tsugense

*WESTERN HEMLOCK

• fan like, several shoots @ each node

Arceuthobium americanum

LODGEPOLE PINE

• distinct worhled pattern

• several shoots at a node

arceuthobium douglasii

DOUGLAS FIR

• few branches

arceuthobium laricis

WESTERN LARCH

• fan-like

• pines (lodgepole + pondorosa)

• acervuli + pseudothecia

Lophodermiun Pinastri

• pines (pond +lodgepol)

• hysterothecia SPOTS

elytroderma deformans

• pines (lodg+pond)

• hysterothecia SLITS

rhytisma punctatum

• apothecia

• bigleaf maple

Rhabdocline Pseudotsugae

• doug fir

• apothecia

hypodermella laricis

• western larch

• hysterithecia

• retained infected needes + discolouration

nothophaeocryptopus gaeumannii

• doug fir

• phseudothecia

didymascella thujiana

• western redcedar

• apothecia