Intro to Information Systems quiz 5

hardware, software

Complete the sentence about the Five-Component Model. _____________ is all the technology components you can touch, whereas _________________ is intangible and includes the programs that you interact with to perform tasks and functions.

processes

XiaoJing is the vice president of marketing for Three-One-Three Restaurants. The company has implemented a new marketing information system and, according to Leavitt's Diamond, XiaoJing now has the key responsibility to ensure that the people, _________________, and structure components are fully addressed.

other business units

An organization develops an overall strategic plan, which then sets the direction for ___________ of the organization

supply chain

The ____________________ encompasses the processes required to get the right product or service into the right consumer's hands in the right quantity at the right time and at the right cost

people, technology

The Five-Component Model also shows that information systems move work away from __________ and into ____________.

data

An information system is a combination of hardware and software components, along with _________, processes, and people, that function collaboratively to complete a task

business analyst

Jordan White is a new employee at your company. He introduces himself and describes his new role in the Information Systems department at the company. He says he will be responsible for collecting and analyzing finance information to solve problems and address challenges within the finance area. What is most likely his role at the company?

increase customer loyalty

Three-One-Three Restaurants has asked a software company to create a program within their online app in which customers can create an account and earn points for dining at the restaurant. Once customers have earned enough points, they can redeem them for free items such as appetizers and meals. Which strategic theme is the restaurant using?

Software

______________ is one of the five components of an information system and includes programs and applications you use, such as Microsoft Word, and the operating systems that run your devices.

procurement

The supply chain includes four main support processes: technology infrastructure, human resource management, accounting and finance, and ________________.

competitive advantage

To maintain ________________, organizations and their products and services must continually evolve to account for changes in customer needs, market conditions, industry conditions, and competitor actions

technology, human

The Five-Component Model states that changes to the __________ side are easier to make than those to the ____________ side.

A university student turns on a computer in the lab.

Which of the following is NOT an example of a process?

The threat of new entrants is very high.

You were recently given a digital camera and are considering starting a photography business. You decide to evaluate the industry in terms of Porter's Five Forces Model. Which of the following statements is true?

vision

A karate dojo has the following statement for their business on their website: "To cultivate disciplined martial artists who exemplify strength, respect, and personal growth." This is likely its __________

Porter's Five Forces Model

The most frequently used model or framework for assessing the nature of industry competition is _________, which determines the level of competition and long-term profitability of an industry

organizational change

A significant contributor to IT project failures is overlooking how the project deals with ___________.

diffusion of innovation theory

A key point of a/the _____________ is that adoption of any innovation does not happen all at once for all members of the targeted population; rather, it is a drawn-out process, with some people quicker to adopt the innovation than others

Digital transformation

_______________ is the process of significantly modifying existing services, products, and procedures using information systems, especially in the expanded use of connectivity

reengineering, continuous Improvement

Organizations must occasionally change how they do business to stay competitive. ________ involves radical process redesign, while _______ seeks to improve processes and add value to products and services

disruptive, sustaining

When first introduced in 1973, handheld cell phones were a(n) _________ innovation; Apple disrupted this market in 2007. Since then, Apple has relied on __________ innovation of the iPhone.

Reengineering, continuous improvement

_______________ involves top-down change driven by senior executives, whereas _______________ involves bottom-up change driven by workers

SWOT analysis

________________ is an internal assessment that identifies most of the strengths and weaknesses for an organization, while the analysis of the external environment uncovers most of the opportunities and threats

Innovation

_________________ is/are the catalyst for the growth and success of any organization. It can build and sustain profits, create new challenges for the competition, and provide added value for customers

Innovation

_________________ is the application of new ideas to the products, processes, and activities of a firm, leading to increased value

central processing unit (CPU)

The ____________ is also considered the "brain" of the computer. It receives instructions and performs

calculations and other actions based on those instructions.

utility program

What type of software program can check the hard disk's boot sector, file allocation tables, and directories and analyze them to ensure that the hard disk is not damaged?

grid computing

Dr. Chiu and her team of climatologists need to run a detailed simulation of global climate patterns. This type of analysis requires massive amounts of computing power due to the complex calculations that need to be performed. Dr. Chiu and her team should utilize ______________ to complete the research

hard disk drive; solid-state storage device

A ________________ is a direct access storage device used to store and retrieve data from rapidly rotating disks coated with magnetic material, whereas a _______________ stores data in memory chips that provide much faster data access than magnetic data storage devices.

On a cost-per-megabyte basis, secondary storage is considerably more expensive than primary memory.

Which of the following is false about secondary storage

Proprietry

____________ software can give a company a competitive advantage by providing services or solving problems in a new way that is better than methods used by a competitor

much less downtime; fault tolerance; power protection

Data centers are classified by tiers. Tier 3 or 4 data centers provide ______, ______, and _____ compared to Tier 1 or 2 data centers.

software as a service

ABCXYZ, Inc. is a sales software provider that hosts applications, platforms, and infrastructure, making it available to subscribers over the internet. Subscribers pay a fee for the use of the software. What type of software is ABCXYZ most likely providing to its customers?

Supercomputers

_____________ are the most powerful computers with the fastest processing speed and highest performance and are often used for applications like complex simulations, computer-aided design, medical imaging, and video editing.

backward compatibility

The ability in newer models of computer hardware or newer releases of an operating system to continue to support software written for previous versions of the hardware or operating system, even if the software was created years or decades ago, is considered ______________.

blade server; server farm

The _________________ approach requires less physical space than the traditional _____________ because it shares a common power supply and air-cooling source within a single chassis

nonvolatility; greater capacity; greater economy

Compared to main memory (RAM and ROM), secondary storage has advantages, including ____, ____, and ____.

Enterprise application

________________ is a type of software that supports processes in logistics, manufacturing, human resources, marketing and sales, order processing, accounting, inventory control, customer relationship management, and other essential business functions

database as a service (DaaS)

Amazon offers ____________, where customers can store data on Amazon's servers and access it over the internet with database administration managed by Amazon

primary key

One characteristic of a relational database is that each row in a table is uniquely identified by a ____________

economic

A marketing company sales representative stops by a local bakery and asks the owner if they would be interested in a software program that will allow them to track important sales-related information about customers, products, and trends. The salesperson explained that this information is available immediately after every customer's purchase without additional effort from the bakery's staff. The cost of the program is more than the company's revenues for three months. This is an example of which characteristic of quality data and information?

Data Definition Language (DDL)

A database schema can also be defined using a _______________, which is a collection of instructions and commands used to define and describe data and relationships in a database.

Low-quality data and information increase innovation and lead to customer satisfaction

The following statements best describe the benefits of quality data, except

database administration

Among the responsibilities of a _______________ are protecting the database from attack or other forms of failure as well as using security software, preventive measures, and redundant systems to keep data safe and accessible.

Data control language (DCL)

____________ is a language that allows a database administrator to manage user privileges

accessible

A student can view their current grades for the course to determine the score they will need on the final exam. This is an example of which characteristic of quality data and information?

data cleansing

Standardizing data so that data such as Michigan, MI, and Mich. all use the same format is a process called _____________.

decision tree

An algorithm used to create and visualize classification and regression modeling tasks is known as _________

data mining, machine learning

Predictive analytics combines statistical modeling techniques, __________, and __________ to make predictions

Uber uses a dynamic pricing model to analyze real-time data about user demand, traffic, driver availability, route distance, and more.

Which of the following best illustrates the use of machine learning for business?

a technique that employs a natural selection-like process to find approximate solutions to optimization and search problems

Which of the following best describes a genetic algorithm?

search engine optimization

What technique optimizes a website's content, structure, and relevance to improve its visibility and ranking to draw customers to the website?

scalability

The choice of which electronic data interchange (EDI) platform to use depends on the following main factors *except*:

E-commerce allows businesses to reach more prospects, reduce costs, scale easily, and provide around-the-clock access to customers

Which of the following statements is true?

increasing the need for inventory

E-commerce reduces costs in the following ways *except*:

community, content, commerce

The most successful e-commerce models have which three basic components?

affiliate marketing

Huda Kattan uses various social media platforms, including Instagram, YouTube, and her own cosmetics blog, to promote her own brands as well as the brands of others with which she has strategic partnerships. She earns commissions for sales generated through links to the products she promotes. What type of marketing technique is she using?

gamification marketing

Target has a reward program in its mobile app where customers can earn a $10 gift card if they spend $75 or more in each of three separate transactions. A progress "sticker" is placed in the app to show progress toward the goal. What type of marketing technique is Target using?

A competitor can deliver its products to the customer in two days—four days faster than Three Feathers Furniture.

Three Feathers Furniture can evaluate its e-commerce business using SWOT analysis. Which of the following is an example of a threat to Three Feathers Furniture?

For SMEs, TPSs are not cloud-based

Which of the following statements is not true about transaction processing systems (TPSs)?

asset management

Toby, an information technology manager, has just notified his manager that a server has failed and is unrecoverable; it needs to be replaced. What process can help with the tracking and disposal of the old server and the acquisition of the new server?

enterprise system

Which system shares information across all business functions and at all levels of management to support the running and managing of the business?

to satisfy customers and provide significant benefits by reducing costs and improving service

What is the ultimate goal of enterprise systems?

data collection, data editing, data correction, data processing, data storage, output production

Select the activity list below with the activities in the transaction processing cycle.

source data automation

Kroger, a large grocery retailer in the United States, uses UPC codes read by a scanner picked up at the register to scan products a customer is buying. What approach to data collection is Kroger using?

Data streaming

____________ is the best choice when organizations are using the data to become more agile, innovative, and responsive to threats and opportunities.

CAD, CAE

. _____________ is the use of software to assist in creating, analyzing, and modifying the design of a component or product, whereas ________________ is the use of software to analyze the robustness and performance of components and assemblies.

supplier, manufacturer

A supply-chain management (SCM) system involves managing materials, information, and finances as they move from _________ to _________ to wholesaler to retailer to consumer.

customer relationship management

The key features of a(n) _______________ system include contact management, sales management, customer support, and marketing automation

transaction

A __________ is a set of business activities that cannot be subdivided.

online transaction processing system

A(n) _____________ is a form of data processing where each transaction is processed immediately without the delay of accumulating transactions.

regulatory compliance; total cost savings

When moving to a multicloud environment, organizations must consider the expected performance of its applications, security concerns, ____________, availability requirements, and ____________.

distributed, immutable, and ephemeral

According to security researcher Sounil Yu, a secure, stable, and reliable cloud computing information system must have which of the following three characteristics?

a service provider can deliver decreased redundancy in the event of a disaster.

The following statements are true for a public cloud computing environment except:

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

Consider the metaphor of "Pizza as a Service" as compared to cloud computing services. If the dining table and drinks were provided by you, but the restaurant provided everything else, including the oven, ingredients, and preparing the pizza, what type of cloud service would this be most like

vendor lock-in

Sahara Inc. moved its infrastructure and data to a public cloud provider. It was a time-consuming process to move over to its current cloud service provider (CSP). Sahara is unhappy with its CSP and would like to switch to another but is reluctant to go through the migration process again. The issue Sahara is experiencing is called ___________.

connect and monitor

Automated monitoring and remote control with trend analysis and reporting is related to which type of Internet of Things (IoT) application?

if a local hardware or software failure occurs at one of the CSP's data centers, the service will be unavailable until the issue is resolved.

The following statements are true of public cloud service providers (CSPs) except:

multicloud

An organization can overcome vendor lock-in with _____________.

Cloud repatriation

_____________ is the process of an organization moving its workloads out of the cloud and back to on- premises infrastructure.

predict and adapt

Using data to perform predictive analytics and initiate preemptive action is related to which type of Internet of Things (IoT) applications?

greater control and oversight of company data.

The following are advantages of Software as a Service except:

elasticity

Organizations can request just the right type and capacity of information system resources from their cloud computing provider, pay for it on an ongoing basis, and let the service provider handle the system support and maintenance. Should an organization's computing needs change, it can request its cloud service provider to deliver more or less capacity, with a corresponding increase or decrease in monthly charges. This ability to quickly increase or decrease available cloud resources is called ______________.

flex cloud computing

The following are types of cloud computing deployment except:

natural language processing (NLP)

Virtual assistants such as Alexa, Siri, and Google voice search are examples of __________.

sizable computational power; large datasets

Training artificial neural networks requires _________ and _________.

simulating human emotion

Which of the following is not a characteristic of artificial intelligence (AI)?

learning; reasoning; self-correction

An artificial intelligence (AI) system with the people, procedures, hardware, software, data, and knowledge needed to develop computer systems and machines that can simulate human intelligence includes_________________, _________________, and _________________.

large language model (LLM)

What type of artificial intelligence (AI) uses chatbots

AI can be programmed with ethical guidelines, and it will fully understand and apply these considerations.

The following statements about artificial intelligence (AI) and decision making are true except:

decreased bandwidth optimization

Which of the following is not a key driver in the use of edge artificial intelligence (AI)?

genrative AI

Farhan asked DALL-E to create an image to help emphasize his message for a presentation. The image resembles human-generated content and uses deep learning and predictive modeling. What type of artificial intelligence (AI) program did Farhan most likely use?

Co-pilots

_____________ are intelligent systems designed to work alongside humans, acting as virtual assistants to enhance efficiency, safety, and decision making

exploit, vulnerability

A(n) ________________ is the method to take advantage of a(n) ____________, which is a weakness in an information system that can result in a failure of any one or all elements of the CIA triad

Confidentiality

___________ is the practice of ensuring that data is only accessible by those who have appropriately approved access.

to collect and protect evidence, ensuring it can be used for legal purpose

What is the main purpose of digital forensics?

Mission-critical systems are tied directly to the core mission of the organization; business-critical systems are needed for day-to-day operations and profitability

What is the difference between a mission-critical system and a business-critical system?

business impact assessment

The main purpose of the ______________ is to identify and prioritize the organization's essential business activities and determine the effects of disruptions

simple human error

Most cybersecurity events are caused by:

Cybersecurity; information security

____________ covers all the hardware, software, networks, databases, and related digital components of security, whereas __________ is the discipline of protecting information (either digital or physical), information systems, facilities, and other resources against threats to confidentiality, integrity, and availability.