Learning and Memory phycology

Learning

Process which experinces/practices result in a realtivivly permant results in a relativly permanet change in behavior/potential behavior

Unconditioned Stimulus

Causes an organism to respond in a spefic way causes(food)

Unconditioned Response

Responde that takes place in an organism when a unconditioned stimulus occurs (reaction,salivation)

Conditioned Stimulus

Neutral stimulus that is paired with an unconditinalited stimulus and eventally produces the desire response in an organism when presented alone

Conditioned Response

After conditioned the response on organism produce when only a conditioned stimulus is presened (salivation to the bell)

Generalization

Conditioned response to a similar conditioned stimulus

Baby Albert

Fears are learned by something

Discrimination

Differenation:identifying sounds they’re used to

Extinction

Disapperance/weaking of conditinal response

Preparedness

Eaiser to train

Counter preparedness

Harder to train

Posative reinforcer

Adds something that is desirable:getting a sticker for doing homework

Negative Reinforcer

Removes an unpleasent thing: taking a pill to take away a headache

Posative Punishment

Adds something to the enviornment that weakens behavior(getting a speed ticket so you wont do it again)

Negative Punishment

Removes something plesent to weaken behavior (taking away phone due to crewfue)

Shaping

Reinforcing sucessful approximations/behavior

Learned helpessness

Self blame, no control our enviornment,deal with get away

Social Learning Theory

A view of learning that emphasizes the importance of observation, learning.

bobo the clown

Kids imetating what they see or dont see aditinal action (weapons)

Memory

Ability to remember things,that we have experince imagened/learned

Attention

The selection of some incoming info for further processing but cannot process every peice of info at the same time

Sensory Registers

Entry points for raw info from the senses only 1-2 seconds

Cocktail party effect

Areas of the brain are working even when not acually paying attention

Short term memory

Working memory brefiy stoires and processes selected information from senosory registers

Rote Rehearsal

Retaining info in memory simply by repeting

Chuncking

organizing info so that it fits into meaningful units:processes more info

Encoding Failure

Never really learned the detailes of a penny:cant recall it

Primacy effect

First iteams,remember better

Recency effect

Last iteams: remember better

Explicit Memory

Spisodic and semantic we know that we know it

Episodic/autobiographical

Personal memories events in spefic times

Infantile Amnesia

Difficulty in remembering experinces from fist 2 years of life

Implicit memory

Prodeural and emotinonal cant rearly put into words

Emotional

Learned emotinal responses to stimul

Procedural

Motor skills and habits,tasks stored in the cerebellum and hippocampus :memory doesnt go away fully

Flash bulb

vivid memory

Schema

Leveling

Simplifying material focueing on whats important

Sharpening

Highlighting or overemphasizing some details

Assimilating

Chnaging details to better fit the subject own background or knowlage

decay theory

memories fade and disappear automatically over the passage of time

schema

stored in long-term memory that helps you organize, interpret, and make sense of incoming info

Serial position effect

Remeber first and last things better