Nucleic Acids & Protein Structure and Function
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33 Terms
What is the monomer of nucleic acids?
Nucleotides
What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
Pentose sugar
What are the two sugars found in nucleic acids?
Deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA
What are the polymers of nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA
What bond joins nucleotides together?
Phosphodiester bonds
How are nucleic acids formed?
Dehydration synthesis
How are nucleic acids broken down?
Hydrolysis
What functional groups are found in nucleic acids?
Phosphate
What is a key property of nucleic acids?
Negatively charged
Where are nucleic acids found?
Mainly in the nucleus but also elsewhere
What are the functions of nucleic acids?
Store genetic information and guide protein synthesis
Which DNA bases pair together?
Adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T); guanine (G) pairs with cytosine (C)
What type of bonds hold DNA base pairs together?
Hydrogen bonds
How many hydrogen bonds form between A and T?
2 hydrogen bonds
How many hydrogen bonds form between G and C?
3 hydrogen bonds
Which nitrogenous bases are purines?
Adenine and guanine
Which nitrogenous bases are pyrimidines?
Cytosine and thymine in DNA; cytosine and uracil in RNA
What forms the DNA backbone?
Alternating sugar and phosphate groups
What forms the rungs of the DNA ladder?
Nitrogenous base pairs held together by hydrogen bonds
What does the 5′ end of DNA have?
A phosphate group
What does the 3′ end of DNA have?
A hydroxyl (OH) group
What is the monomer of proteins?
Amino acids
What is the polymer of proteins?
Polypeptides folded into proteins
What bond joins amino acids together?
Peptide bonds
How are proteins formed?
Dehydration synthesis
How are proteins broken down?
Hydrolysis
What determines a protein’s properties?
Functional groups in amino acid side chains
Where are proteins found?
Everywhere in cells and the body
What are structural functions of proteins?
Build body structures and support the cytoskeleton and cell membrane
What do enzymes do?
Catalyze chemical reactions
How do proteins help with transport?
Move materials throughout cells and the body
How do proteins help with movement?
Enable cell and body movement
How do proteins help with mitosis?
Help separate chromosomes during cell division