Reproductive Cloning

Adult cell is a type of

somatic cell

what are EMBRYONIC stem cells

stem cells capable of self-renewal and are pluripotent

what is somatic nuclear transfer

put the nucleus of a donor somatic cell into an egg cell

The clone of reproductive cloning has

the same nuclear DNA as the donor of the somatic cell, not the surrogate mother or the egg donor.

The success of the dolly the sheep happened in

1996, causes researchers to clone many species of mammals.

Why is reproductive cloning used?

agriculture, pharmaceutical industry, endangered animals

Who was CC cat

The first cloned cat, carbon copy

Who was CC cat cloned from?

A calico cat named Rainbow.

Why did CC cat look different from Rainbow cat?

Random molecular changes during development affected the coat pattern.

Did CC cat and Rainbow cat have the same DNA?

Yes, CC cat was genetically identical to Rainbow.

Why can clones look different even if they have the same DNA?

Gene expression and random developmental changes can create differences in appearance.

Can clones have different personalities from the original?

Yes, clones may develop different personalities and behaviors.

What does the example of CC and Rainbow show about cloning?

Clones have the same DNA, but they may not look or act exactly the same as the original organism.

cloning does not increase

genetic diversity

cloning does not perserve

natural habitats

cloned animals are less healthy than

animals produced via fertilization

cloning of mammals is extremely

difficult and inefficient. Only a small percentage (usually less than 10%) of cloned embryos develop normally

It took ____ tries to clone Dolly the Sheep

277

What is a synthetic cell?

A cell-like structure made entirely from chemicals and biological materials assembled by scientists rather than taken from a living organism.

Why is the creation of a synthetic cell important?

It helps scientists understand how life works and how life may have originated on Earth.

What basic life functions can the synthetic cell perform?

It can take in materials, grow, and reproduce.

What is one goal of synthetic biology?

To design and build biological systems with specific functions

How could synthetic cells be useful in the future?

They could be used for medicine, environmental cleanup, and scientific research

What method did Dr. Doris Taylor use to create the heart

Idpscs method

therapeutic cloning and reproductive cloning both involve

somatic nuclear transfer

What does it mean when a cell replicates?

It makes copies of itself.

adult stems cells are

multipotent and self renewable

adult stem help with

naturally replacing/ repairing damanged cells throughout the body

What is the main gist of IDPSC

get somatic skin cells, add 4 genes, it turns into a pluripotent stem cell

adult stem cells have nothing to do with

embryonic stem cells and IDPSCs

How does therapeutic cloning (embryonic stem cells work)

somatic nuclear transfer → blastocyst → embryonic stem cells are removed blastocyst → culture embryonic stem cells → different cultures with different conditions to specialize the stem cells

endosymbiosis mechanisms

membrane folding created endosymbiosis (nucleus/ER) then engulfed prokaryotes (mitochondria)

in therapeutic cloning, the ethical concern is that

you destroy embryo

in IPSC you dont

dont destory the embryo