Chapter 8 Quiz (A+P)

Which of the following is not a function of bones?

Glycogen storage

During endochondral ossification, a(n) ___________ invades the forming medullary cavity to deliver osteogenic cells, osteoclasts and red marrow elements to the young bone tissue.

Periosteal bud

Bones are constantly undergoing resorption (breaking bone down) for various reasons. Which of the following cells accomplishes this process?

Osteoclast

The dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds skeletal cartilages is called ______.

Perichondrium

Yellow bone marrow contains a large percentage of ________.

fat

These are mitotic, bone-forming cells that secrete collagen and calcium-binding proteins to make up initial unmineralized bone called osteoid.

Osteoblasts

All limb bones except the patella, wrist, and ankle bones fall under this category of bone classification.

Long

This portion of the long bone forms the long axis of the bone.

Diaphysis

The ____________ is a double-layered membrane with an outer fibrous layer and an inner osteogenic layer, containing stem cells that give rise to osteoblasts.

Periosteum

Which structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length until early childhood?

Epiphyseal plate

What is the structural unit of compact bone?

Osteon

Osteoblasts secrete _______, which is made of collagen fibers and unmineralized proteins.

Osteoid

The sternum, scapulae and ribs are all examples of _____________.

Flat bones

The central (Haversian) canal that runs through the core of each osteon is the site of _______.

blood vessels and nerve fibers

Bone tissue cells all derive from this stem cell found in the periosteum and endosteum.

Osteogenic cells

____________ are located just deep to the periosteum and extend around the entire circumference of the diaphysis of a long bone.  It resists twisting of the bone.

Circumferential lamellae

The ossification of long bones begins with the formation of a/the ___________.

Periosteal Bone Collar

Which of the following is NOT an example of hyaline cartilage?

Intervertebral cartilage

____________ are located just deep to the periosteum and extend around the entire circumference of the diaphysis of a long bone.  It resists twisting of the bone.

Circumferential lamellae

Place the major stages of bone repair in their proper sequence.

a). Bony callus forms

b). A hematoma forms

c). Bone remodeling occurs

d). Fibrocartilaginous callus forms

b, d, a, c

The structure of bone tissue suits the function. Which of the following bone tissues is adapted to support weight and withstand torsion (i.e. twisting) stresses?

Compact bone

This type of cartilage is best suited to repeated bending and is only found in the external ear and the epiglottis.

Elastic cartilage

Which hormone is most important for regulating calcium homeostasis by stimulation of osteoclasts?

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

The process where hyaline cartilage is replaced by bone tissue is called ____________.

Endochondral Ossification

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

Communication

Honeycomb-like structures found within spongy bone that make spaces to house red bone marrow are called _________.

Trabeculae

Which of the following membranes covers the internal surfaces of bone tissues?

Endosteum

The polar ends of long bones, each containing spongy bone and covered with a thin layer of hyaline cartilage, are known as _________.

Epiphyses