Cancer and Reproduction

Programmed cell death is also called _______________________.

 

necrosis

metastasis

angiogenesis

apoptosis

apoptosis

Cancer cells gain the ability to __________________________.

 

respond to growth suppressors

divide in the absence of growth signals

undergo apoptosis

divide in the absence of growth signals

A mutated version of a positive regulator of the cell cycle that has the potential to induce cancer is called a(n) ______________________.

 

proto-oncogene

tumor suppressor gene

oncogene

mitogen

oncogene

A positive regulator of the cell cycle in a normal (non-cancer) cell is a(n) ________________________.

 

proto-oncogene

cyclin

oncogene

tumor suppressor gene

proto-oncogene - non cancer causing

Proto-oncogenes are ________________ regulators of the cell cycle and ________________ copy/copies of the gene is necessary/sufficient for tumor development.

positive

one

The cell may fail the G1 checkpoint and undergo apoptosis if _________________________.

 

the cell has a sufficient cell volume

the chromatids are not properly attached to the mitotic spindle

the genome has been damaged

there are a sufficient number of organelles

the genome has been damaged

If a normal (non-cancer) cell has DNA damage that cannot be repaired, what will happen?

 

cell cycle progression

apoptosis

metastasis

angiogenesis

apoptosis

If a cell is arrested at the G1 checkpoint, it will fail to progress to the next phase, which is _________________.

 

M

G0

G2

S

S

Which phase follows S phase?

 

M

G2

G1

G0

G2

A cell that is not actively dividing (post-mitotic) is in which phase?

 

G2

G0

G1

S

G0

All alleles originally resulted from _______________.

 

mutation

natural selection

mutation

DNA replication takes place during which phase?

 

G0

M

G1

S

G2

S

What is an example of a pair of homologous chromosomes?

 

chromosome 19 and chromosome 1

chromosome 3 in humans and chromosome 3 in mice

the X and Y chromosome

the two copies of chromosome 19

the two copies of chromosome 19

A duplicated chromosome consists of two ___________ , which are held together by a ____________ .

sister chromatids

centromere

_______________________ is the spread of cancer cells from the original tumor location to a new location

 

necrosis

apoptosis

angiogenesis

metastasis

metastasis

One mutation is sufficient to cause cancer.

 

True

False

False - typically 4 mutations

Mutations in _____________ cells will not be passed on to offspring, but mutations in __________ cells can be inherited by offspring.

Somatic

Germline

Match the term to its definition.

homologous chromosomes

nonhomologous chromosomes

autosomes

 

all chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes

chromosomes of the same morphology with the same genes in the same location

chromosomes which do not have the same genes in the same location

homologous chromosomes 

chromosomes of the same morphology with the same genes in the same location

nonhomologous chromosomes

chromosomes which do not have the same genes in the same location

autosomes

all chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes

Which of following describe MITOSIS? Select ALL that apply. 

 

After cell division, there are 4 daughter cells for each parent cell.

Daughter cells are genetically identical to the parent cell

Daughter cells are not genetically identical to the parent cell

If the parent cell is diploid, the daughter cells are also diploid

After cell division, there are 2 daughter cells for each parent cell.

There is one round of cell division

There are two rounds of cell division

If the parent cell is diploid, the daughter cells are haploid.

Daughter cells are genetically identical to the parent cell

If the parent cell is diploid, the daughter cells are also diploid

After cell division, there are 2 daughter cells for each parent cell.

There is one round of cell division

Which of following describe MEIOSIS? Select ALL that apply. 

 

After cell division, there are 4 daughter cells for each parent cell.

After cell division, there are 2 daughter cells for each parent cell.

There is one round of cell division

Daughter cells are genetically identical to the parent cell

There are two rounds of cell division

Daughter cells are not genetically identical to the parent cell

If the parent cell is diploid, the daughter cells are also diploid

If the parent cell is diploid, the daughter cells are haploid.

After cell division, there are 4 daughter cells for each parent cell.

There are two rounds of cell division

Daughter cells are not genetically identical to the parent cell

If the parent cell is diploid, the daughter cells are haploid.

Offspring resulting from sexual reproduction are genetic copies of their parent.

 

True

False

False

Which statement is accurate? 

 

sexual reproduction is the source of all new alleles; mutation is unimportant when considering genetic variation

mutation or sexual reproduction can produce new alleles

only sexually reproducing population have genetic variation

mutation is source of all new alleles; sexual reproduction shuffles them into new combinations

mutation is source of all new alleles; sexual reproduction shuffles them into new combinations

What contributes to the shuffling of genetic variation that arises specifically from sexual reproduction? 

 

nondisjunction

random fertilization

mutation

independent assortment

crossing over

angiogenesis

random fertilization

independent assortment

crossing over

Crossing over takes place during ______________.

 

Prophase I

Telophase I

Metaphase II

Telophase II

Anaphase I

Anaphase II

Metaphase I

Prophase II

Prophase I

During which phase of meiosis are homologous chromosomes separated? 

 

Prophase I

Telophase I

Metaphase II

Telophase II

Anaphase I

Anaphase II

Metaphase I

Prophase II

Anaphase I

During which phase of meiosis are sister chromatids separated? 

 

Telophase II

Prophase II

Anaphase I

Prophase I

Metaphase I

Telophase I

Anaphase II

Metaphase II

Anaphase II

A human egg or sperm cell with 23 chromosomes is ____________________.

 

haploid

triploid

unaploid

diploid

haploid

If an organism or cell has one copy of each type of chromosome, it is _____________.

 

unaploid

triploid

haploid

diploid

haploid

If nondisjunction takes place during Meiosis I, which statement is correct?

 

One quarter of the daughter cells will have the wrong number of chromosomes

Half of the daughter cells will have the wrong number of chromosomes

All of the resulting daughter cells will have the wrong number of chromosomes

None of the daughter cells will have the wrong number of chromosomes

All of the resulting daughter cells will have the wrong number of chromosomes

What is the most accurate statement about the cells which have finished meiosis II?  

 

they are haploid, and each chromosome is composed of two DNA molecules

they are diploid and each chromosome is composed of one DNA molecule

they are diploid, and each chromosome is composed of two DNA molecules

they are haploid, and each chromosome is composed of one DNA molecule

they are haploid, and each chromosome is composed of one DNA molecule

Select all that apply to a prokaryotic genome.

 

a linear chromosome

a single, double-stranded DNA molecule

a circular chromosome

a single, single-stranded DNA molecule

a single chromosome

many chromosomes

a single, double-stranded DNA molecule

a circular chromosome

a single chromosome

A(n) __________________________ is when a piece of a chromosome breaks off and then is attached to a different chromosome.

 

deletion

translocation

inversion

substitution

translocation

Which of following describe MEIOSIS? Select ALL that apply. 

 

Daughter cells are genetically identical to the parent cell

Daughter cells are not genetically identical to the parent cell

There are two rounds of cell division

There is one round of cell division

If the parent cell is diploid, the daughter cells are also diploid

If the parent cell is diploid, the daughter cells are haploid.

After cell division, there are 4 daughter cells for each parent cell.

After cell division, there are 2 daughter cells for each parent cell.

Daughter cells are not genetically identical to the parent cell

There are two rounds of cell division

If the parent cell is diploid, the daughter cells are haploid.

After cell division, there are 4 daughter cells for each parent cell.

Question 15

1 / 1 pts

During which phase of meiosis are sister chromatids separated? 

 

Prophase I

Metaphase I

Anaphase II

Telophase I

Telophase II

Metaphase II

Prophase II

Anaphase I

Anaphase II

Meiosis is used for which of the following?

 

producing gametes for sexual reproduction

wound healing

tissue regeneration

asexual reproduction

producing gametes for sexual reproduction

A human egg or sperm cell with 23 chromosomes is ____________________.

 

unaploid

triploid

haploid

diploid

haploid

If nondisjunction takes place during Meiosis I, which statement is correct?

 

All of the resulting daughter cells will have the wrong number of chromosomes

None of the daughter cells will have the wrong number of chromosomes

One quarter of the daughter cells will have the wrong number of chromosomes

Half of the daughter cells will have the wrong number of chromosomes

All of the resulting daughter cells will have the wrong number of chromosomes