Cranial Nerves Part 2

all communication between brain and SC passes thru the

medulla oblongata

what do the nuceli in the medulla do

• act as relay stations for sensory/motor pathways

• associated with cranial nerves

• associated w autonomic control of visceral organs

what are the three relay stations of the medulla oblongata

1. gracile nucelus and cunerate nucleus

2. solitary nucelus

3. olivary nucli

what does the gracile and cuneate nucleus do with the medulla

pass somantic sensory info to the thalamus

what does the solitary nucelus do in the medulla

recieved visceral sensation from spinal nerves and cranial nerves

what does the olivary nuclei do

passes info from the cerebrum , SC, diencephalon and brainstem to the cerebellum

creates the olives of the medulla

label the parts of the medulla

what are the cranial nerves that contains sensory and motor nuclei? (5)

VIII

IX

X

XI

XII

what are reflex centers of autonomic nuclei

these are areas that recievie input from cranial nerves, cerebral cortex and brainstem

when we speak on the mid brain what is the two pairs of nuceli collectively called?

what is the surface called

two pairs of nuceli: corpora quadrigemina

surface: tectum

what is the midbrain or tectum (surface layer) responsible for

auditory and visual stimuli

what type of processing occurs in the inferior colliculi of midbrain and superior colliculi

inferior: auditory

superior:visual

the red nucelus of the mesencephalon does what

this pair of nuceli is involved in maintaining alertness, muscle tone and limb position.

label

the diencephalon contains of three things what are they?

1. epithalamus: pineal

2. thalamus: forms wall of 3 ventricle, egg shape

3. hypothalamus extens near optic chiasm,

label each parts of the thalamic nuceli:

• part of limbic system

• relay info to frontal love

• relay info to parietal lobe

• relay info to occipital lobe

• adjust acitviyy in cingulate gyrus and parietal lobe

• anterior nuceli

• medial nuclei

• ventral nuceli

• posterior nuclei

• lateral nuceli

here is a desciription what are we talking abt

• subconcious control of skeeltal muscle

• hr, bp, respiration, digestion

• secretion of ADH

• body temp

• circadian rhythm

• thirsy drive

hypothalamus

what seperates the anterior and posterior lobes of the cerebellum

primary fissure

what are purkinjie cells

large neurons in the cerebellum that help control balance, coordination, and smooth movements.

what does the arbor vitae of cerebellum do

Connects cerebellar cortex with cerebellar peduncles

when we label the cereellur pendunncles label each

• what connects the cerebellum with mesencephalon, diencephlon and cerebrum

• what is the part that communicates between the cerebellum and pons

• what is the part that connects the cerebellum with the medulla obglonta

• superior cerebellar peduncle

• middle cerebellar penduncle

• inferior cerebllar penduncle

label

does the cerebrum contain basal nuclei and the limbic system

yes

label

descrive function of each

1. frontal love

2. occipital

3. parietal

4. temporal

Frontal lobe: conscious control of skeletal muscles

• Occipital lobe: perception of visual stimuli

• Parietal lobe: conscious perception of touch,

pressure, vibration, pain, temperature, and taste

• Temporal lobe: conscious perception of auditory

and olfactory stimuli/deep is the insula

label

what area contains the primary motor cortex and pyramidal cells.

precentral cortex of the brain

what are consists of the primar somatosensory corte and Neurons receive somatic sensory information for

touch, pressure, pain, taste, and are associated with

visual cortex, auditory cortex, olfactory cortex,

and gustatory cortex

postcentral gyrus

label each

what is the area that allows to understand size, shapes, form

what is the area in memory and learned movements

what is the area that visually recongizrd objects

what are arecongizes sound

1. somatosneosry area

2. premotor cortex

3. visual association

4. auditory association

what are of the brain has high orer functions such as information processing

cerebrum

what is the wernickie area?

brocas area?

receptive speech area

werenickie: persoanity/analytical area

brocas: speech production

receptive speech: adjusts speech based on audiotry stimuli

the prefrontal cortex does what

and what is prefrontal lobotomy

this cortex performs complicated learning/reasoning

lobotmy: removal of the lobe

the left hemisphere of the brain is important for?

what about the right hemi?

let: speech, writing, language math

righ: touch, spatial visualization

the central white matter has three fibers that act as brain wiring such as

1. association

2. commissural

3. projection

what does each do

associaiton fiber

commissural fiber

porection fiber

• Association fibers: Connect areas within the same brain hemisphere.

• Commissural fibers: Connect the left and right brain hemispheres. (ex corpous callosum)

• Projection fibers: Connect the cerebral cortex with lower brain areas and the spinal cord.

label

how do the brain wires help the brain communicate

Together, association, commissural, and projection fibers form communication pathways that connect areas within one hemisphere, between both hemispheres, and between the brain and the rest of the nervous system.

what is the basal nuceli ?what do they do

masses of gray matter embedded in the

white matter inferior to the lateral ventricles

• Controls muscle tone in skeletal muslce subconsciously

• Coordinates learned movements

• Relays information from the cerebral cortex

what five things make up the basal nuceli

Caudate nucleus

• Lentiform nucleus

• Claustrum

• Putamen

• Globus pallidus

the caudate nucelus of basal nuclei does?

globus pallidus does?

Control the cycles of arm and leg movements when

walking (caudae)

adjusts mucle tone for walking (globus)

where is the limbic system located in the brain

between the cerebrum and the

diencephalon just superior to the corpus callosum

people w issues within the limbic system have issues with

mental state and personality

what is the overall function of the limbic system (4)

1. emotional staes

2. linkes concious function w unconcious functions

3. memory storage/retriveal

4. functional grouping

how many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

12

do the cranialnerves come from the spinal cord

no, they come directly off the brain and travel out to the head, neck, and organs.

what is the mnemoni to remeber the cranial nerves from anterior to posterior cranial nerves

Oh Oh Oh, Two Tired Asses Fell Very Gently Violently And Horrifically. Ah

what are the 12 cranial nerves

1. (I) O: olfactory nerve/bulb

2. (II) O: opic nerve

3. (III) O: oculomotor nerve

4. (IV) T: Trochelar Nerve

5. (V) T: Trimgeminal nerve

6. (VI) A: Aducens nerve

7. (VII) F: Facial nerve

8. VIII V: Versitivuochcolear or auditory nerve

9. (IX) G: Glossopharyngneal nerve

10. (X) V: Vagus nerve

12 XII H: Hypoglossal nerce

11 XI A: Acessory Nerve

11 and 12 are swithed in numbering but not anatomical position.

what is the function, and destination of the olfactory nerve

function: smell

destination: olfcytory bulbs

what is the function, and destination of the optic nerve

function: vision

destination: diencephlon then to occipital love

• they continue to their destination via optic tracts and from the retina to optic chiasm

what is the blindspot of the eye

nerves enter retina

what is the function and destination of the oculomotor nerve

function: controls the extra ocular eye muscles. and will change the diameter of the pupil, shape of lens to focus on the retina

destination: extra ocular eye muscles

oriin: mesencephhlon

what is the function, origin and destination of the trochelar nerve

function: controls the superior oblique eye muscle/motor

origin: mesencephlon

destination: superior oblique muscle

smallest cranial nerve

know this image

what is the function of the trigenimal nerve

hint three divisions

mixed nerve with both sensory and motor functions

• ophtalmis division: sensation from forehed, eyelid, nose

• maxilarry: lower eyelid sensation, upper lip, cheek

• mandibular: controls chewing

what is the origin of the trigeminal nerve

Ophthalmic division (sensory)/orbital structures,

nasal cavity, forehead, superior eyelid

• Maxillary division (sensory)/inferior eyelid, upper lip,

gums, and teeth, palate, part of pharynx

• Mandibular division (mixed)/lower gums, teeth, lips,

palate (sensory)/motor nuclei of pons (motor)

what is the longest cranial nerve

trigeminal nerve

what is the destination of the trigeminal nerve

opthalmtic and maxisally divisoon:

mandiublar division:

1. pons

2. muscle of mastication

know where the dimensions are in this image/divisions

what is the function, origin and destination of the abducens nerve

function: controlling eye movement/motor

origin: pons

destination: innervates the lateral rectus eye muscle

what is the function origin and destination for the facial nerve

function: mixed nerve sensroy: controls sesnations and taste of face. motor: controls muscle of face

origin: sensory: taste buds motor: pons

destination: sensory: pons/ motor : muscles of the face

what nerve do you see to the right of the pons

facial nerve

what is the function, origin and destination fo the vestivulocochlear nerve

function: balance/hearing

origin: receptors of cochlea and vestiblue

destination: pons and medulla

axons travel to the vestibular

nuclei of the medulla oblongata

axons synapse in the cochlear

nuclei of the medulla oblongata

1. verstibular nerve

2. cochlear nerve

what is the function, origin and destination of glossopharyngeal nerve

function: mixed . sensory: tongue pain motor: swallowin

origin: sesnory: 1/3 tongue mtoor: salivary gland

destination: sensory: medulla motor” phayrngneal muscles for swalloing

what is the function, origin and destintion of the vagus nerve

function: mixed nerve, sensory: infromation from organs.

motor: sends info to organs

origin: sensory: organs motor: medulla

Destination: sneosry: medulla motor: muscles or respirtatory cardiovascualr nad digestive organs

function of vagus nerve more in depth

The vagus nerve (X) is the main nerve of the parasympathetic nervous system — it handles the "rest and digest" side of things.

what is the function, original and destination of the acessory nerve

function: motor. it controlls the trapezius, palata, phayrnc, layrnx,a nd sternocleiodmastoid

origin: SC, and medulla

destination: internal branch of muscles of palata, phayrnx and larynx,

external branch: sternocleoid mastoid and trapezius msucle

what is the function destination and origin of the hypoglossal nerve

funtion: controls tongue movement

origin: medulla

destnation tongue muscles

what cranial nerve is shown

hypoglossal nerve

what cranial nerve is shown in the circle

vagus

wha cranial nerve is seen right beneatht he ponts in yellow

glossopharyngeal nerve

the yellow branching nerve on top is the

the seashell looking thing is the

yellow branching: verstibular nerve

seasheel: cochlea