Health assessment test 2 terms

Nevus

Mole

Vitilligo

Patchy skin, absence of melanin

Pallor

Reduction/loss of pink hue in skin - paleness

Erythema

Intense redness over an area of skin

Cyanosis

Bluish skin color from decreased perfusionJ

Jaundice

Yellowing of skin due to excess bilirubin

Diaphoresis

Intense sweating

Macule

Flat, discolored splotch on skin

Papule

Firm, raised, usually red spot on skin

Patch

Macules larger than 1cm

Plaque

Papules that coalesce to form elevation wider than 1cm

Nodule

Lesion that is elevated, solid, and hard or soft (slide pic)

Wheal

Superficial, raised, transient, erythematous lesion (slide pic)

Tumor

Malignant cancerous growth

Urticaria

Wheals coalesce and form this, AKA hives

Vesicle

Elevated cavity containing free fluid up to 1cm (slide pic)

Bulla

Larger than 1cm diameter, usually single chambered (book pic)

Cyst

Encapsulated fluid-filled cavity in dermis or SQ layer

Pustule

Pus-filled cavity in dermis or SQ layer

Crust

Thickened, dried out exudate left when vesicles or pustules burst

Scale

Compact flakes of skin - dry or greasy, silvery or white

Fissure

linear crack with abrupt edges, extends into dermis

Erosion

Scooped out, shallow depression, superficial epidermis lost

Ulcer

Deep depression extending into dermis, irregular shape, may bleed

Excoritation

Self-inflicted abrasion, superficial, sometimes from aggressive scratching

Scar

Lesion that heals and is replaced with connective tissue (collagen)

Lichenification

prolonged, intense scratching thickens skin and produces packed sets of papules

Keloid

Benign excess of scar tissue beyond original injury site

Ecchymosis

Purpleish patch resulting from extravasation of blood into the skin

Contusion

Mechanical injury resulting in hemorrhage into tissues with skin intact

Petechiae

Tiny punctuate hemorrhages (1-3mm)

Purpura

Confluent and extensive patch of petechiae and ecchymoses

Pruritus

itching

diaphoresis

Sweating

Thin/shiny skin = ?

Arterial insufficiency

Turgor

Ability of skin to return to place when released (pinch test)

Mobility (skin)

Ease of skin to rise

Cap refill should be

<3 Seconds

Ischemia

reduced blood flow

Annular lesion

Circular

Confluent lesions

Run together making hives

Discrete lesions

Distinct, individual lesions

Gyrate lesion

Twisted, coiled spiral

Linear lesion

Scratch, streak, line

Zosteriform lesion

Liner arrangement along nerve route

Grouped (lesions)

Clusters of lesions

Target lesion

Concentric rings of color, resembles iris of an eye

Polycyclic lesions

Annular lesions coming together

Crepitation

Audible or palpable crunching or grating in a joint

Gait

How someone walks

Ataxia

Unsteady or uncoordinated gait

Spasm

constant contraction

Flaccid

no contraction

Rigid

Increased resting contraction

Decreased muscle tone

soft/ loose muscle

Xerosis

Skin dryness

Pyrexia

Fever

Subluxation

Misaligned joint

Lethargic

Sleepy, groggy, drowsy, but A+O

Stuporous

pain to arouse, not completely awake

Comatose

No response, flaccid muscle

Affect

appearance of face

Aphasia

Absent or defective language (expressive = understands, Receptive = no understanding)

Dysphagia

Problem articulating words - muscular, mechanical, or sensory

Dysarthria

Poorly articulated speech, nerve damage or loss of muscle control

Echolalia

Repeating everything heard