Religion

What is the problem with patriarchal language for God according to Rosemary Reuther, and what does she propose as a means to correct it?

Her problem with it: is that by calling god "father" we are enforcing the idea of male authority
Her solution: Incorporating both genders got is both a God and Goddess

What is Rosemary Reuthers idea of God

To incorporate both genders for the idea of God

Briefly describe the model of God Thomas Morris advocates for

Thomas Morris believes that God is perfect, all knowing, and ultimate

What is the main problem Sally McFague has with Morris’s theology?

Sally McFague argues that Morris’s idea of God is too distant for us humans

Sally McFagues Idea of God

That God is within us, we are in the image of god. The world is Gods Body

Specify and define the type of theism McFague’s model maintains.

She holds a Panentheism view

Panentheism: is the belief that everything exists in God; god is beyond the universe

What is Grace Kims ideology

God is love, grace and mercy. God is beyond gender, race, or ethnicity

What problem does Grace Kim have with Christianity? How does she wish to characterize God as a means to resolve it?

She criticizes christianity’s idea of God as it holds patriarchal and hierarchy views. She wants to characterize God as beyond gender, race, and ethnicity

She calls God spirit

For Kim what happens when God is conceptualized as white and male?

When God is conceptualized as white and male it reinforces white supremacy and male dominance

Define the two poles of the process God.

1) primordial: God knows all (initial aim) Traditional notions of God

2) consequent: God is responsive-changes with the world

What is process theology

God is absolute and dependent

What is an initial aim in process theology? How does this operate for an individual in a given moment of their life?

Initial aim: is that God gives humans a set of choices and it is up to us to accept or reject the initial aim

ex) if we are angry at another person, the initial aim would be to forgive(positive, good choice), or we could seek revenge

What is Cobb & Griffin’s idea of God

(traditional theism)

Believes that God is Dipolar (Primordial and consequential), meaning God knows all and offers an initial aim, and God is affected

God is loving and has a relationship with creation

What is tradition theology

God has absolute power, unchanging, god is the ruler

Describe Cobb and Griffin's version of God and explain how this serves as a corrective for the conception of the divine in traditional theology.

There idea of God is loving, has a relationship with its creation, and is dipolar.

In relation to tradition theology they argue that god is loving and has a connection with the world

Shunyata

Emptiness of permanence

Ultimate reality

The devine(God, allah, nirvana)

What does Ives believe

he believes that emptiness is not a thing. It is not saying that nothing is real

Describe how shunyata functions within Buddhism according to Christopher Ives. How does this connect to ultimate reality?

It connects because if emptiness is not saying that nothing is real, then emptiness in Buddhism is saying that emptiness is the key to life.

ex) not being fixated on the problems of our reality(obsessed) will bring us peace

Connection to ultimate reality: helps us understand ultimate reality as our relationship to everything else is emptiness

Non-dualistic consciousness

empty of independence

everything is affecting other things, and overcoming the ego

Everything has deep meaning and value, but nothing is divine

your family is you

What is strong rationalism

Is the view that human reason and rational thought are the most reliable sources of knowledge

who did we read who supports the idea of strong rationalism

Clifford is an example of somone who hold strong rationlist views

What is Clifford’s belief

that we must justify our beliefs with sacifient evidence

What is fideism

belief that truths about God cant be explained with evidence

who did we read who supports the idea of fideism

Pascel is an example of fideist believer

What is Pascel’s belief

That we must wager (either god exists) or (God does not)

What is critical rationalist

we should criticize and look over religious beliefs but we shouldn’t’ think we can arrive at any proof.

Who did we read who is a critical rationalist? Explain why his position is a middle ground between fideism and strong rationalism.

Peterson is an example of a critical rationalist. His position is that part of being human is evaluating and questioning. But that for religion we should understand there will not be any proof. Correlate it more to what he thinkds

What ethical consideration does W.K. Clifford touch on in his “The Ethics of Belief”?

Clifford believes it is immoral to base a belief on insufficient evidence.

What does James believe Pascal and Clifford leave us with in their work? State the particular consequences he mentions in his text.

Pascal problem: it doesn’t work if one of the possibilities within the argument is dead to a person.

Clifford problem: this keeps our minds in suspense forever

Can we choose to believe based on will alone for James? Explain by way of his notions of living and dead options.

NO. we can not because nothing can be based on will alone.

Because the living option is: beliefs that could be possible and meaningful

OR

He offers a dead option: a belief that does not seem possible or meaningful

We can’t begin to believe something our minds don’t see as completely possible

Theism

The view that god created it all

Polytheism

2 or more Gods

monotheism

only 1 God

Pantheism

The believe that God is everything

Agnosticism

Not knowing what you believe

Panentheism

Everything is God-ism