Cellular Respiration

Bio Exam 2- Groupwork 3

Roles of NADH and FADH2

Donate electrons to proteins, enzymes of the ETC

Complex l,lll,Vl

Pump H+ ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane into the inner membrane space, Oxegyn is reduced at Comole IV, FADH2 donates electrons at Complex ll

ATP syntase

Enzyme that uses electrochemical gradient of + ions to make ATP

O2

Terminal electron acceptor of ETC, is reduced at Complex lV to make water

H+

pumped across inner mitochondrial membrane into the intermembrane space to establish the electrochemical gradient that is used to make ATP by ATP synthase.

Where does glycosis occur

cytosol

What molecule does glycosis begin with

Glucose

What is glucose partially oxidized into

pyruvate

What electron carrier is reduced during glycolysis

NAD+—-NADH

How many ATP are gained net from glycolysis

2 ATP

How is ATP made during glycolysis

substrate- level phosphorylation

What is pyruvate converted into

Acetyl- CoA

Where is the citric acid cycle located

Mitochondrial matrix

What does the citric acid cycle produce

NAD+ and FAD

WHat is NAD+ FAD reduced to

NADH, FADH2, and CO2

Where is the electron transport chain located

inner mitochondrial membrane

NADH and FADH2 donates electrons to what?

Electron transport chain

The electron transport chain pumps protons to create

H+ gradient

H+ gradient is used to create

ATP

ATP via

Chemiosmosis

Example of kinetic energy

Heat

Potential energy example

ATP

does all glucose ATP become ATP

No some becomes ATP some is released as heat

what happens to energy during glucose metabolism

it is transformed not created or destroyed

Exergonic reactions are

a chemical reaction that releases net free energy into its surroundings, spontaneous reaction

endogenic

Require energy input, not spontaneous

What happens to an enzyme after catalyzing a reaction

it is not consumed and can be reused.

what does the first law of thermodynamics say

energy cannot be created or destroyed is is trasnformed

What type of reaction releases energy

exergonic reactions

What type of reaction requires an energy input

endergonic reaction

what does kinetic energy describe

energy of motion

potential energy

stored energy

in metabolsim where does some unused energy go

released as heat

Enzymes do what in a reaction

speed it up

catabolic reactions

a metabolic process that breaks down large, complex molecules into smaller, simpler units while releasing energy

anabolic reaction

a metabolic process that builds smaller, simpler molecules into larger, more complex molecules while consuming energy

example of endergonic

making sugars during photosynthesis

example of exergonic

breaking down glucose during cellular respiration

During CR what is reduced

Oxygen

During CR what is oxidized

Glucose C6H1206

Oxidation means

loss of electrons

reduced means

gains electrons

In C6H1206+02——-CO2+H2O what loses electrons

glucose

In CR what accepts electrons

Oxygen

How do enzymes speed up chemical reactios

they lower activation energy, strain bonds, and position reactions

what type of macromolecules are enzymes

protein

what are monomers that make up enzymes

amino acids

what can happen if an enzyme’s 3D shape change

the substrate may no longer fit the active site

why is ATP used in glycolysis

it makes glucose more energeticaly unstable and easier to split

What are the two ways ATP is produced in CR

substrate level- phosphorylation and chemiosmosis

what ATP process creates more

chemiosmosis

what processes uses electron transport to make ATP

chemiosmosis

where are H+ ions pumped during the electron transport chain

mitochondria inter membrane

why does glycolysis spend ATP at the beginning

to add energy to glucose and make it easier to split

what powers ATP synthase during cellular respiration

the flow of H+ down its concentration gradient

Main job of the electron transport chain

build an H+ gradient used to produce ATP