Panc Abd study cards

What is a sterile abscess collection of panc enzymes that accumulate in the available space in the abdomen?

Pancreatic pseudocyst

What is the medical term for elevated levels of calcium in the blood?

Hypercalcemia

What is the enzyme that is secreted by the panc to aid in the digestion of carbs?

Amylase

What hormone causes glycogen formation from glucose in the liver and allows cells within insulin receptors to take up glucose to decrease blood sugar?

Insulin

What is the small area of the panc between the body and the head, anterior to the SMV?

Neck of the panc

What forms the lateral border of the head of the panc?

C-loop of the duodenum

What is the medical term for the abnormal increase in white blood cells caused by infection?

Leukocytosis

What serves at the posterior border of the body of the panc?

SMA

What are the cells that preform exocrine functions?

Acini cells

What lies in the C-loop of the duodenum? The gastroduodenal artery is the anterolateral border and the CBD is the posterolateral border.

Head of the panc

What is the branch of the splenic artery that supplies the body of the panc?

Dorsal panc artery

What stimulates the liver to convert glycogen to glucose, produced by the alpha cells?

Glucagon

What forms the right superior border of the body and head of the gland and gives rise to the gastroduodenal artery?

Common Hepatic Artery

What is the primary function of the panc?

Exocrine function

What is the small accessory duct of the panc found in the head of the panc?

Duct of Santorini

What is the branch of the splenic artery that supplies blood to the tail of the panc?

Caudal pancreatic artery

What produces the hormone insulin?

Endocrine function

What causes excessive production of thick mucus by the endocrine glands, identified as flatty replacement of the glands?

Cystic fibrosis

What is located in the midepigatrium anterior to the SMA and SMV, AO and IVC?

Body of the panc

What is the tapered end of the panc that lies in the left hypochondrium near the hilus of the spleen and upper pole of the LF kidney>

Tail of the panc

What is the junction of the splenic and main portal vein, posterior border of the body of the pancraes?

Portal-splenic confluence

What is dilated loops of bowel without peristalsis called?

ileus

What is the small, curved tip of the panc head that lies posterior to the SMV?

Uncinate process

What is the panc enzyme that breaks down fats? Elevated in the pancreatitis and remains increased longer than amylase.

Lipase

What lies posterior to the neck/body of the panc and anterior to the uncinate process?

SMV

What is the space or cavity that contains fluid but has no true endothelial lining membrane?

Pseudocyst

What helps supply blood to the panc along with the splenic artery?

Pancreaticoduodenal arteries

What occurs when a panc pseudocyst ruptures into the abdomen?

Pancreatic ascites

What panc enzyme is elevated during pancreatitis?

Serum amylase

What congenital condition is seen when elevated fat levels cause pancreatitis?

Hyperlipidemia

What is inflammation of the pan, whether acute or chronic known as?

Pancreatitis

Excessive bilirubin in the bloodstream caused bu an obstruction of bile from the liver; characterized by the yellow discoloration of the skin, eyes, and mucous membrane is called what?

Obstructive jaundice

Malignant neoplasm that arises from the lymphoid tissue is called what?

Lymphoma

What are the small cells that comprise the endocrine portion of the panc that production of insulin, glucagon and somatostatin?

Islets of Langerhans

What forms the posterior medial border of the panc?

Splenic vein

What crosses anterior to the Uncinte process of the head of the panc and posterior to the neck and body of the panc?

SMV

What makes imaging of the panc difficult?

air and gas interference

What are the major posterior vascular landmarks of the panc?

Splenic vein and AO

The splenic vein and SMV for the what?

Main portal vein

The (BLANK) of the panc is the most inferior portion of the panc

HEAD

Where is the majority of the panc located?

Retroperitoneal cavity

What appears as an echogenic line or lucency bordered by two echogenic lines coursing through the midline of the body of the panc measuring less than 2mm?

Duct of Wirsung

What forms the superior border of the tail of the panc?

Splenic artery

What lies anterior to the IVC and posterior to the SMV?

Uncinate process

What forms the anterior border of the tail of the panc?

Stomach

What is the panc divided into?

head, neck, body and tail

What forms the superior and lateral borders of the panc?

Duodenum, transverse colon and stomach

What is the normal length of the panc from head to tail?

15 cm (ranging between 12-18 cm)

What is the normal measurement of the head of the panc?

2-3 cm

What is the posterior border of the body and tail of the panc?

Splenic vein

The panc (BLANK) in size with advancing age

DECREASES

What is the largest section of the panc?

Body

What forms the anterolateral border of the head of the panc?

Gastroduodenal artery

What is the most difficult part of the panc to image?

Tail

The portal-splenic confluence/SMV is located (BLANK) to the neck of the panc

Posterior

What secondary duct drain the upper anterior head of the panc?

Duct of Santorini

The uncinate process lies (BLANK) to the SMV

Posterior

the SMA is (BLANK) to the neck and body of the panc

Posterior

What is the normal measurement of the tail of the panc?

1-2 cm

What is the normal measurement of the neck of the panc?

1.5-2.5 cm

What gives rise to the gastroduodneal artery?

Hepatic artery

The body of the panc lies anterior to the (BLANK)

AO, celiac axis, LF renal vein, adrenal gland, kidney

What does the splenic artery branch into?

Great pancreatic artery and dorsal pancreatic artery

What does the SMA arise from?

Aorta

What joins the panc duct close to the amulla of vater?

CBD

What is a hereditary disorder of the exocrine gland frequently seen in young adults and children?

Fibrocystic disease of the panc

What is the normal measurement of the body of the panc?

2-2.5 cm

The splenic vein courses across the (BLANK) surface of the panc to join the main portal vein

Postermedial

The gastroduodenal artery is seen along the (BLANK) border of the panc?

Anterolateral

What is the most common panc anomaly?

Congenital cysts

The tail of the panc lies (BLANK) to the left kidney

Anterior

The CBD passes along the (BLANK) border of the portal vein

Anterior

What is the posterior border of the head of the panc?

Main portal vein

What is a rare anomaly in which the head of the panc surrounds the second portion of the duodenum?

Annular panc

Where is the SMA located in relation to the body of the panc?

The SMA is located posterior to the body of the panc

What is the exocrine function preformed by?

Acini cells

The splenic vein runs along the (BLANK) aspect of the panc

Posterior

What hormone causes glycogen formation from glycose?

Insulin

What forms the right superior border to the body and head of the panc and gives rise to the gastroduodenal artery?

Common hepatic artery

What are the three branches of the celiac axis?

Left gastric artery, common hepatic artery, splenic artery

What supplies blood to the body and tail of the panc?

Splenic artery via smaller branches

Annular panc is more common in (BLANK)

Males

What supplies blood to the panc?

splenic artery, pancreaticoduodenal arteries

What drains blood from the panc?

Tributaries of the splenic vein and SMV

Are congenital abnormalities of the panc common or uncommon?

Uncommon

What controls the panc secretions?

Vagus nerve, Secretin, Pancreozymin

What does the common hepatic artery divide into?

Hepatic artery and Gastroduodenal artery

What two veins join together to form the main portal vein?

Splenic vein and SMV

The celiac axis originates from the anterior abdominal AO and serves as the (BLANK) border of the panc

Superior

The portal vein is located (BLANK) to the IVC

Anterior

Where is the SMA located in relation to the celiac axis?

The SMA is located INFERIOR to the celiac axis

What controls the secretion of glucagons and insulin into the blood?

Endocrine function

What supplies blood to the head of the panc and part of the duodenum?

The anterior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries

Where is the endocine function located?

Islets of Langerhans

The SMV runs (BLANK) to the neck of the panc, and (BLANK) to the uncinate process

Posterior, anterior

Panc juices enter the duodenum through the what?

Duct of Wirsung

The CBD crosses the (BLANK) aspect of the portal vein to the (BLANK) of the proper hepatic artery

Anterior; right

What activates chymotrypsinogen?

Trypsin

What is the medical term for partially digested food?

Chyme

What type of gland is the panc?

Exocrine-digestive

Endocrine-hormonal