PLMOD2B(PART 02)

ANSWER IN CAPITAL LETTERS. SANA TUMAGOS

EBENEZER HOWARD

Author of “Tomorrow: A Peaceful Path to Social Reform”, first conceptualized the “Garden Cities”.

GARDEN CITY

These were new cities built in the countryside with rail access to the original city. would have a central city with an optimum size of 58,00 to 65,000 in 6,00 acres of land, with satellite cities, also connected by rail, with an optimum size of 30,00 to 32,00 persons. The cities would all be surrounded by large greenbelts of agricultural land.

GARDEN CITY ASSOCIATION

Was establishes by Howard in 1899 meant to provide financial machinery for the realization of his proposals.

LETCHWORTH

The first developed Garden City, started in 1902. Designed by Raymond Unwin and Barry Parker. The plan was a combinations of landscaping, informal street layouts, and a main axis focusing on a town center. It was built in an area of 4,500 acres; 3000 for agricultural uses and 1500 for the city proper.

RAYMOND UNWIN AND BARRY PARKER

Designers of Letchworth.

WELWYN

The second Garden City, built in 1920. Designed by Louis de Soisson. Brought formality and Georgian taste to the town built in a smaller land area of 2400 acres. The town’s focal point was a mile long mall with beautiful Georgian houses and shops facing it.

LOUIS DE SOISSION

Designer of Welwyn.

HAMPSTEAD GARDEN SUBURBS

Meant only for housing but with a variety of housing types lined along streets with terminating axes on civic buildings in a large common green.

CITY BEAUTIFUL MOVEMENT

Theorists suggest it begun with the Columbian Exposition in 1891. Emphasis of the movement was on grand formal design, but also with social motives. Daniel Burnham spearheaded the movement with his design of Chicago and with his famous axiom of “make no little plans, they have no magic to stir men’s blood”.

DANIEL BURNHAM

spearheaded the city beautiful movement with his design of Chicago and with his famous axiom of “make no little plans, they have no magic to stir men’s blood”. Also credited with the designs of Cleveland, San Francisco, and Manila and Baguio, among others.

BRASILIA

The new capital of Brazil and a completely new twentieth century city was designed by Lucio Costa with a lot of influence from Le Corbusier.

LUCIO COSTA

Designer of Brasilia.

CHANDIGARH

With the separation of India and Pakistan, the site of original Indian Capital of Lahore was given to Pakistan, thus creating a need for a new capital. Was designed to be Capital of Punjab province of India.

ALBERT MYER AND LE CORBUSIER

Designers of Chandigarh.

CANBERRA

The government of Australia sponsored a design competition in 1901 for the new capital and invited such top urban designers as Daniel Burnham, Sir Leslie Patrick Abercrombie, and Frederick Law Olmstead, but the winner was Walter Griffin, who was a descendant of Frank Lloyd Wright.

WALTER GRIFFIN

Winner of the design competition in 1901 for the new capital of Australia.

NEW DELHI, INDIA

Designed by Sir Edward Lutyens is based on the great east west axis of kingway, 1.5 miles long, with the Government House on a hilltop in the West end, and the eastern counterpoint a large hexagonal space reserves for palaces of the natives’ princes.

SIR EDWARD LUTYENS

Designer of New Delhi, India.

THE CITY OF TOWERS

The problem of congestion in cities and the need for open space led to the conceptualization of high density living in tall structures that will take up less space. This idea was first conceptualized by Le Corbusier in his book “The Cities of Tomorrow”.

UNITE D’ HABITATION

Le Corbusier’s first plan of high density living.

LE CORBUSIER

Conceptualized the city of towers in his book “The Cities of Tomorrow”. Planned Unite D’ Habitation and La Contemporaine.

BROADACRES

Frank Lloyd Wright proposed that every family in the U.S. live in one acre of land, in a city complete with all necessary amenities. Critics argued that there was not enough land. This led to his own translation of high density living.

FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT

Proposed that every family in the U.S. live in one acre of land, in a city complete with all necessary amenities.

THE MILE HIGH TOWER

Frank Lloyd Wright proposed to house a significant amount of Manhattan Residents to free up space for green fields, in a building a mile high. He suggested that 10 or more of these could possibly replace all Manhattan buildings.

THE FLOATING CITY

Proposed by Kiyonori Kikutake.

KIYONORI KIKUTAKE

Proposed the floating city.

THE BARBICAN DEVELOPMENT

An early type of Planned Unit Development that had all amenities in one compound with multi-level circulation patterns.

THE NEIGHBORHOOD UNIT

Conceptualized by Clarence Perry and Clarence Stein. Defined as the physical environment wherein social, cultural, educational, and commercial are within easy reach of each other.

CLARENCE PERRY AND CLARENCE STEIN

Conceptualized the neighborhood unit.