abdomen

what does the ap abdomen show

demonstrates borders of posts major muscles

what is in the digestive tract

liver. galbladder, pancreas, and spleen

what is the smallest intestine called

duodenum

what is the middle section of your small intestine called. It is located between the duodenum and the ileum

jejunum

what is the final and longest section of the small intestine

ileum

what are your accessory organs of digestion

liver, spleen, gallbladder and pancreas

what is part of your urinary system

suprarenal glands, kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra

what two large abdominal muscles extend parallel to the lumbar spine and are indicators of a well-exposed KUB

psoas major

what is psoas major

is a long, thick spindle-shaped muscle that connects the lower spine to the thigh bone

which of the following is NOT one of the accessory organs for digestion

spleen

pancreas

liver

gallbladder

spleen

the pancreas is classified as a

retroperitoneal structure

what is the cavity around your abdomen called

peritoneum

what is retroperitoneal structure

an organ or tissue located in the retroperitoneal space, which sits behind the peritoneum and in the front of the back muscles

what is intraperitoneal structure

organs and body parts inside the abdomen that are almost entirely wrapped in a thin membrane called the visceral peritoneum

what is a duodenal bulb

is the first slightly widened section of the duodenum which is the upper part of the small intestine connected directly to the stomach

what is infraperitoneal structure

an organ or body part located in the pelvic cavity below the lower boundary of the parietal peritoneum

what is the exztraperitoneal structure

an organ or tissue located in the exztraperitoneal space, which lies outside the peritoneal cavity

why are valves important

it helps they everything flow one way and closes back so nothing can go the opposite way

what is KUB

an anterioposterior x-ray view of the abdomen with the patient lying flat on their back, used to image the kidneys, ureters and bladder

what is your ascending colon

the first upward moving segment of the large intestine, located on the right side of the abdomen

what is your cecum

a much like sac that forms the very first part of the large intestine

what is descending colon

the third main section of the large intestine that travels down the left side of the abdomen to store and move waste towards the rectum

what is your ileocecal valve

a muscular sphincter that connects the final part of the small intestine to the first part of the large intestine

what is your left colic flexure

the Sharpe bend in the large intestine where the transverse colon meets the descending colon

the sharp bend in the large intestine where the ascending colon turns horizontally to become the transverse colon

right colic flexure

the S shaped final section of the large intestine that connects the descending colon to the rectum

sigmoid colon

the longest, horizontal middle part of the large intestine that passes across the upper abdomen from right to left

transverse colon

ureters

retroperitoneal tubs descending from renal pelvis to posterior urinary bladder base

urethra

channel for urine exit through pelvic floor

why does the right kidney sit slightly lower

the liver bulk

mesentery

doubled-fold fold of visceral peritoneum extending from posterior wall to attach small intestine loops

omentum

double- layered peritoneal fold extending from stomach

lesser omentum

connects lesser curvature of stomach to liver

greater omentum

“fatty apron” hanging down from greater stomach curvature over small intestine loops, then folding back to connect with transverse colon

pneumoperitoneum

free air or gas within the peritoneal cavity, usually caused by a perforated hollow viscus

ascites

abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity, often secondary to liver cirrhosis, heart failure, or cancer

mechanical bowel obstruction

physical blockage of the intestinal lumen

non-mechanical bowel obstruction

failure of normal intestinal peristalsis without physical blockage, often occurring postoperatively

abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)

localized ballooning dilation of the abdominal aorta wall, frequently associated with arterial calcification

gonadal shielding

male patients should be shielded at the superior edge of the symphysis pubis. female gonadal shielding should be utilized provided it does not obscure essential pelvic anatomy

which muscular pair extends parallel to the lumbar spine and must be visualized on a wall-exposed KUB

PSOAS major

what does retro mean

behind

what is the vertebral centering level for a standard AP supine abdomen (KUB)

L4-L5

a patient with suspected free intra-abdominal air is unable to stand. what position would be best

left lateral decubitus

why is the left lateral decubitus position preferred over the right side for demonstrating pneumoperitoneum

it allows free air to outline against the homogenous density of the liver

what exposure respiration instruction should be given for abdominal radiography

suspended full expiration

a twisting of a loop of bowel creating an intestinal obstruction is defined as

volvulus

where is the CR centered for an AP erect abdomen projection as part of an acute series

by 2 inches (5cm) above the iliac crest

which structure must be demonstrated on the interior boarder of a standard KUB radiography

symphysis pubis

which abdominal pathology causes a generalized haziness requiring an increase in technical factors

ascites

a pathologic condition in which twisting of a loop of intestine creates an obstruction is termed

volvulus

what is the preferred length of time a patient should lie on his or her side prior to a lateral decubitus projection

10 to 20 minutes

where is the CR centered for a AP erect abdominal projection as part of an acute abdominal series

1 to 2 inches (5cm) above iliac crest

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine

organs of digestion

liver, gallbladder and the pancreas are what

accessory organs of digestion

what body system is the spleen in

lymphatic system

computed tomography urogram

images the urinary system

why would you place a patient prone, and what are the benefits

helps improve oxygen levels and protects the lungs in patients with severe breathing problems

what are exposure factors used for an abdominal procedure

70 to 80 kVp and 30 to 120 mAs

the medical science that studies the origin, nature, and effects of diseases to help doctors make accurate diagnoses

pathology

the medical prefix for stomach

gastro-

which portion of the small intestine is considered the longest

ileum

the doubled wall membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity is called

peritoneum

what helps stabilize and support the small intestines

mesentery

what structure is a double fold of peritoneum that connects the transverse colon to the greater curvature of the stomach

greater omentum

what abdominal region contains the rectum

pubis

the iliac crest is at the level of what are the vertebra

L4-L5

what is primary cause for involuntary motion in the abdomen

peristalsis

with the use of iodinated contrast media, the __________ is able to distinguish between a simple cyst and a tumor of the liver

CT

the preferred imaging modality for examining the gallbladder quickly is

DMS

chronic inflammation of the intestinal wall that may result in bowel obstruction

Crohn disease

telescoping os a section of bowel into another loop of bowel

intussusception

inflammatory condition in the colon

ulcerative colitis

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

ascites

exposure for an AP projection of the abdomen should be taken on

expiration

what type of body habits might require two landscape-aligned imaging receptors to be taken so the entire abdomen is included

hypersthenic

what scale of contrast is recommended for visualization of the abdominal structures on an abdominal x-ray

long scale

what soft tissue structures are seen on a properly exposed KUB

psoas muscles

at the junction of the small and large intestine are

lleocecal valve

what is infraperitoneal

organs or anatomical structures located below the peritoneum, the smooth membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities

what is intraperitoneal

located, occurring or adminstratered within the peritoneal cavity, which is the fluid-filled space inside the abdomen containing organs like the stomach, liver and intestines

what is retroperitoneal

located behind or outside the peritoneum, which is the lining membrane of the abdominal cavity

which aspect of the small intestine is considered the shortest

duodenum

what is the poses major

a long, thick spindle-shaped muscle that connects the lower spine to the thigh bone

which aspect of the large intestine is found between the left and right colic flexures

transverse colon

what is the transverse colon

the longest most movable middle section of the large intestine that passes horizontally across the upper abdomen from the right to left

the suprarenal glands are part of what system

endocrine

what are suprarenal glands

s small, trailed shaped endocrine gland that sits directly on top of each kidney

what does endocrine mean

tissues and glands that release hormones directly into the blood stream to control other cells, organs, and bodily functions

what is mesentery

a continuous double fold of membrane that attaches the intestines to the posterior abdominal wall, holding them securely in place

what helps stabilize and support the small intestines

mesentery

the greater omentum extends from the transverse colon to the

greater curvatures of the stomach

a large four layered fatty sheet that hangs down from the bottom curve of the stomach and covers most of the small and large intestines

greater omentum

a smaller membrane that connects the upper curve of the stomach and the start of the duodenum to the liver

lesser omentum

which quadrant of the abdomen would the cecum be found in

right lower quadrant

why is the left lateral decubitus preferred over the right lateral decubitus abdomen for an acute abdomen series

any intraperitoneal air will be visualized along the lower liver margin