Chapter 8 part B

What is 1?

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

What is 2?

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

Hinge movement

depression and elevation of mandible

Gliding movement

side-to-side (lateral excursion) grinding of teeth

what is most easily joint to dislocate in the body?

Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)

Shoulder (Glenohumeral) Joint

synovial and freely moving and it allows for the highest degree of motion in the body out of the joints

Glenoid labrum

fibrocartilaginous rim around glenoid cavity (to make it deeper)

Anular ligament

surrounds head of radius

Hip (Coxal) Joint

head of the femur and acetabulum of the pelvic bone

Ligament of head of femur (ligamentum teres)

slack during most hip movements, so not important for stabilization. Does contain artery that supplies the head of femur

Iliofemoral ligament

the strongest ligament in the body that helps stabilizes the hip joint

Knee Joint

synovial allows for a-lot of movement but is the most complex joint of the body because of 3 joints surrounded by single synovial cavity

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

(Attaches to anterior tibia) Prevents forward sliding of tibia and stops hyperextension of knee

Posterior cruciate ligament

(Attaches to posterior tibia) Prevents backward sliding of tibia and forward sliding of femur

patella ligament

a strong, thick band of fibrous tissue that connects the bottom of the kneecap (patella) to the top of the shinbone (tibial tuberosity)

quadriceps tendons

a strong band of tissue just above the kneecap that connects the four quadriceps muscles in the front of your thigh to the patella (kneecap)

Cartilage tears

Compression forces. Fragments may cause the joint to lock or bind (Cartilage rarely repairs itself) Repaired with arthroscopic surgery

Sprains

Reinforcing ligaments are stretched or torn

Dislocations (luxations)

Bones forced out of alignment, accompanied by sprains, inflammation (Caused by serious falls or contact sports)

Bursitis

Inflammation of bursa, usually caused by blow or friction (Treated with rest and ice and, if severe, anti-inflammatory drugs)

Tendonitis

Inflammation of tendon sheaths, typically caused by overuse (Symptoms and treatment similar to those of bursitis)

Arthritis

Most widespread crippling disease in the U.S. Symptoms: pain, stiffness, and swelling of joint. Acute forms: caused by bacteria, treated with antibiotics

Osteoarthritis (OA)

Most common type of arthritis Irreversible, degenerative

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

autoimmune disease of unknown cause Immune system attacks own cells (Treatment: steroids and anti-inflammatory drugs)

autoimmune

turn your immune system down essentially

Gouty arthritis

too much uric acid crystals in joints and soft tissues, followed by inflammation (Typically affects joint at base of great toe) (Treatment: drugs, plenty of water, avoidance of alcohol and foods high in purines,such as liver, kidneys, and sardines)