Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Face

What is the action if the sternocleidomastoid unilaterally?

Laterally flex the thread and neck to the same side, roster the head and neck to the opposite side

What is the action of the sternocleidomastoid bilaterally?

Flex the neck, assist to elevate the rib cage during inhalation

What is the origin of the SCM?

Sternal head:top of manubrium

Clavicular head:medial one-third of the clavicle

What is the insertion of the SCM?

Mastoid process of temporal bone and the lateral portion of superior nuchal line of occiput

What is the nerve innervation of the SCM

Spinal Accessory (XI)nerve, C2, 3

What is the action of the scalenes unilaterally?

with ribs fixed, latterally flex the head and neck to the same side, rotate head and neck to the opposite side

What is the action of the scalenes bilaterally?

elevate the ribs during inhalation, flex the head and neck

What is the origin of the anterior scalene?

tranverse processes of 3rd through 6th cervical vertebrae(anterior tubercles

What is the insertion of the anterior scalene?

first rib

What is the origin of the middle scalene?

transverse processes of 2nd through 7th cervical vertebrae(posterior tubercles

What is the insertion of the middle scalene?

1st rib

What is the origin of the posterior scalene?

transverse processes of 6th and 7th cervical vertebrae(posterior tubercles)

What is the insertion of the posterior scalene?

2nd rib

What is the nerve innervation of the scalenes?

C(3), 4-8

What is the action of the masseter?

elevate the mandible(termporomandibular joint), may assist to protract the mandible(TM joint)

What is the origin of the Masseter?

zygomatic arch

What is the insertion of the Masseter?

angle and ramus of mandible

What is the nerve innervation of the Masseter?

Trigeminal (V) nerve(mandibular division)

What is the action of the Temporalis?

elevate the mandible(temporomandibular joint), retract the mandible(TM joint)

What is the origin of the temporalis?

temporal fossa and fascia

What is the insertion of the temporalis?

coronoid process and anterior edge of ramus of the mandible

What is the nerve innervation of the temporalis?

trigeminal (V)nerve (mandibular division)

What is the action of the supra hyoids?

elevate hyoid and tongue, depress mandible(temporomandibular joint)

What is the origin of the geniohyoid, and mylohyoid?

underside of mandible

What is the origin of stylohyoid?

styloid process

What is the insertion of the suprahyoids?

hyoid bone

What is the nerve innervation of the geniohyoid?

C1, 2

What is the nerve innervation of the mylohyoid?

trigeminal(V)

What is the nerve innervation of the stylohyoid?

facial(VII)

What is the action of the digastric?

with hyoid bone fixed, depress the mandible(temporomandibular joint), with mandible fixed, elevate the hyoid bone, retract the mandible(TM joint)

What is the origin of the digastric?

mastoid process(deep to sternocleidomastoid and splenius capitis)

What is the insertion of the Digastric?

inferior border of the mandible

What is the nerve innervation of the digastric?

anterior belly:trigeminal (V)( mandibular division), posterior belly:Facial(VII)

What is the action of the infra hyoids?

depress the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage

What is the origin of the sternohyoid and sternothyroid?

top of manubrium

What is the origin of the thyrohyoid?

thyroid cartilage

What is the origin of the omohyoid?

Superior border of the scapula

What is the insertion of the sternohyoid, thyrohyoid, and omohyoid?

hyoid bone

What is the insertion of the sternothyroid?

thyroid cartilage

What nerve innervates the sternohyoid, sternothyoid, and omohyoid?

hyoid bone

What nerve innervates the thyrohyoid?

C1, 2

What is the action of the platysma?

assist to depress the mandible(temporomandibular joint)

What is the origin of the platysma?

fascia covering superior part of pectorals major

What is the insertion of the platysma?

base of mandible, skin of lower part of face

What nerve innervated the platysma?

facial (VII)

What is the action of the frontalis?

raise the eyebrows and wrinkle the forehead

What is the action of the occipitalis?

anchor and retract the galea posteriorly

What is the origin of the occipitofrontalis?

galea aponeurotica

What is the insertion of the frontalis?

skin superior to eyebrows

What is the insertion of the occipitalis?

superior nuchal line of the occiput

What nerve innervates the occipitofrontalis?

facial (VII)

What action does the medial and lateral pterygoid?

laterally deviate the mandible to the opposite side

What action does the medial pterygoid do bilaterally?

elevate and protract the mandible

What action does the lateral pterygoid do bilaterally?

protract the mandible

What is the origin of the medial surface of lateral ptergoid?

medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone and tuberosity of maxilla

What is the insertion of the medial pterygoid?

medial surface of ramus of the mandible

What nerve innervates the medial pterygoid?

trigeminal (V)

What is the origin of the superior head of the lateral pterygoid?

infratemporal surface and crest of greater wing of sphenoid bone

What is the origin go the inferior head of the lateral pterygoid?

lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone

What is the insertion of the lateral pterygoid?

articular disc and capsule of temporomandibular joint, neck of mandible

What nerve innervates the lateral pterygoid?

Trigeminal (V)

What action does the longus capitis unilaterally do?

laterally flex the head and neck to the same side, rotate the head and neck to the same side

What action does the longus wapitis bilaterally do?

flex the head and neck

What is the origin of the longus capitis?

Transverse processes of C-3 through C-6

What is the insertion of the longus capitis?

inferior surface of occiput

What nerve innervates longus capitis?

C1,2,3,(4)

What is the action of the longus Colli unilaterally?

laterally flex the head and neck to the same side, rotate the head and neck to the same side

What is the action of the longus Colli bilaterally?

flex the head and neck

What is the origin of the longus Colli?

bodies of C-5 through T-3, traverse processes of C-3 through C-5

What is the insertion of longus Colli?

tubercle on anterior arch of the atlas; bodies of the axis, C-3, and C-4; transverse processes of C-5 and C-6

What nerve innervates the longus Colli?

C2-(7)